Channel state information and adaptive modulation and coding design for long-term evolution machine type communications

ABSTRACT

A method, an apparatus, and a computer program product for wireless communication are provided. The apparatus may be a UE. The UE determines CSI. The UE determines whether to send the CSI based on at least one of a timer or a threshold. The UE sends the CSI upon determining to send the CSI. The UE may send the CSI in a MAC header upon determining to send the CSI. When the UE determines whether to send the CSI based on the threshold, the UE may determine whether to send the CSI based on a difference between the CSI and reference CSI. The UE may determine the reference CSI based on at least one of previously reported CSI, fixed CSI, or an MCS of a received data transmission from a base station. The UE may send CSI to the base station in an initial connection setup with the base station.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION(S)

This application is a continuation of U.S. application Ser. No.14/133,062, entitled “CHANNEL STATE INFORMATION AND ADAPTIVE MODULATIONAND CODING DESIGN FOR LONG-TERM EVOLUTION MACHINE TYPE COMMUNICATIONS”and filed on Dec. 18, 2013, which claims the benefit of U.S. ProvisionalApplication Ser. No. 61/753,395, entitled “CHANNEL STATE INFORMATION ANDADAPTIVE MODULATION AND CODING DESIGN FOR LONG-TERM EVOLUTION MACHINETYPE COMMUNICATIONS” and filed on Jan. 16, 2013, which are expresslyincorporated by reference herein in their entirety.

BACKGROUND

Field

The present disclosure relates generally to communication systems, andmore particularly, to channel state information (CSI) and adaptivemodulation and coding (AMC) design for long-term evolution (LTE) machinetype communications (MTC).

Background

Wireless communication systems are widely deployed to provide varioustelecommunication services such as telephony, video, data, messaging,and broadcasts. Typical wireless communication systems may employmultiple-access technologies capable of supporting communication withmultiple users by sharing available system resources (e.g., bandwidth,transmit power). Examples of such multiple-access technologies includecode division multiple access (CDMA) systems, time division multipleaccess (TDMA) systems, frequency division multiple access (FDMA)systems, orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA) systems,single-carrier frequency division multiple access (SC-FDMA) systems, andtime division synchronous code division multiple access (TD-SCDMA)systems.

These multiple access technologies have been adopted in varioustelecommunication standards to provide a common protocol that enablesdifferent wireless devices to communicate on a municipal, national,regional, and even global level. An example of an emergingtelecommunication standard is Long LTE. LTE is a set of enhancements tothe Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) mobile standardpromulgated by Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP). LTE isdesigned to better support mobile broadband Internet access by improvingspectral efficiency, lowering costs, improving services, making use ofnew spectrum, and better integrating with other open standards usingOFDMA on the downlink (DL), SC-FDMA on the uplink (UL), andmultiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) antenna technology. However, asthe demand for mobile broadband access continues to increase, thereexists a need for further improvements in LTE technology. Preferably,these improvements should be applicable to other multi-accesstechnologies and the telecommunication standards that employ thesetechnologies.

SUMMARY

In an aspect of the disclosure, a method, a computer program product,and an apparatus are provided. The apparatus is an MTC UE. The UEdetermines a first modulation and coding scheme (MCS) that correspondsto an estimated channel between a base station and the UE. The UEreceives data modulated and coded with a second MCS from the basestation. The UE determines whether the second MCS differs from the firstMCS by more than a threshold. The UE sends CSI after determining thatthe second MCS differs from the first MCS by more than the threshold.

In another aspect of the disclosure, a method, a computer programproduct, and an apparatus are provided. The apparatus is an MTC UE. TheUE receives a transmission time interval (TTI) bundling transmissionfrom a base station. The UE decodes a subset of the TTI bundlingtransmission. The UE sends an acknowledgment to the base station toterminate the TTI bundling transmission early upon decoding the subsetof the TTI bundling transmission. CSI is indicated to the base stationthrough a percentage of the TTI bundling transmission received by theUE.

In another aspect of the disclosure, a method, a computer programproduct, and an apparatus are provided. The apparatus sends an uplinktransmission to a base station. The apparatus receives a datatransmission from the base station, the data transmission having atleast one of a MCS determined based on the uplink transmission or a TTIbundling size determined based on the uplink transmission.

In another aspect of the disclosure, a method, a computer programproduct, and an apparatus are provided. The apparatus is an MTC UE. TheUE determines CSI. The UE determines whether to send the CSI based on atleast one of a timer or a threshold. The UE sends the CSI upondetermining to send the CSI.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating an example of a network architecture.

FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating an example of an access network.

FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating an example of a DL frame structure inLTE.

FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating an example of an UL frame structure inLTE.

FIG. 5 is a diagram illustrating an example of a radio protocolarchitecture for the user and control planes.

FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating an example of an evolved Node B anduser equipment in an access network.

FIG. 7A is a diagram illustrating an example of an evolved MultimediaBroadcast Multicast Service channel configuration in a MulticastBroadcast Single Frequency Network.

FIG. 7B is a diagram illustrating a format of a Multicast ChannelScheduling

Information Media Access Control control element.

FIG. 8A is a diagram for illustrating a first exemplary method.

FIG. 8B is a diagram for illustrating a second exemplary method.

FIG. 8C is a diagram for illustrating a third exemplary method.

FIG. 8D is a diagram for illustrating a fourth exemplary method.

FIG. 9 is a flow chart of a first method of wireless communication.

FIG. 10 is a flow chart of a second method of wireless communication.

FIG. 11 is a flow chart of a third method of wireless communication.

FIG. 12 is a conceptual data flow diagram illustrating the data flowbetween different modules/means/components in an exemplary apparatus.

FIG. 13 is a diagram illustrating an example of a hardwareimplementation for an apparatus employing a processing system.

FIG. 14 is a conceptual data flow diagram illustrating the data flowbetween different modules/means/components in an exemplary apparatus.

FIG. 15 is a diagram illustrating an example of a hardwareimplementation for an apparatus employing a processing system.

FIG. 16 is a flow chart of a fourth method of wireless communication.

FIG. 17 is a conceptual data flow diagram illustrating the data flowbetween different modules/means/components in an exemplary apparatus.

FIG. 18 is a diagram illustrating an example of a hardwareimplementation for an apparatus employing a processing system.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

The detailed description set forth below in connection with the appendeddrawings is intended as a description of various configurations and isnot intended to represent the only configurations in which the conceptsdescribed herein may be practiced. The detailed description includesspecific details for the purpose of providing a thorough understandingof various concepts. However, it will be apparent to those skilled inthe art that these concepts may be practiced without these specificdetails. In some instances, well known structures and components areshown in block diagram form in order to avoid obscuring such concepts.

Several aspects of telecommunication systems will now be presented withreference to various apparatus and methods. These apparatus and methodswill be described in the following detailed description and illustratedin the accompanying drawings by various blocks, modules, components,circuits, steps, processes, algorithms, etc. (collectively referred toas “elements”). These elements may be implemented using electronichardware, computer software, or any combination thereof. Whether suchelements are implemented as hardware or software depends upon theparticular application and design constraints imposed on the overallsystem.

By way of example, an element, or any portion of an element, or anycombination of elements may be implemented with a “processing system”that includes one or more processors. Examples of processors includemicroprocessors, microcontrollers, digital signal processors (DSPs),field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), programmable logic devices(PLDs), state machines, gated logic, discrete hardware circuits, andother suitable hardware configured to perform the various functionalitydescribed throughout this disclosure. One or more processors in theprocessing system may execute software. Software shall be construedbroadly to mean instructions, instruction sets, code, code segments,program code, programs, subprograms, software modules, applications,software applications, software packages, routines, subroutines,objects, executables, threads of execution, procedures, functions, etc.,whether referred to as software, firmware, middleware, microcode,hardware description language, or otherwise.

Accordingly, in one or more exemplary embodiments, the functionsdescribed may be implemented in hardware, software, firmware, or anycombination thereof If implemented in software, the functions may bestored on or encoded as one or more instructions or code on acomputer-readable medium. Computer-readable media includes computerstorage media. Storage media may be any available media that can beaccessed by a computer. By way of example, and not limitation, suchcomputer-readable media can comprise RAM, ROM, EEPROM, CD-ROM or otheroptical disk storage, magnetic disk storage or other magnetic storagedevices, or any other medium that can be used to carry or store desiredprogram code in the form of instructions or data structures and that canbe accessed by a computer. Disk and disc, as used herein, includescompact disc (CD), laser disc, optical disc, digital versatile disc(DVD), and floppy disk where disks usually reproduce data magnetically,while discs reproduce data optically with lasers. Combinations of theabove should also be included within the scope of computer-readablemedia.

FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating an LTE network architecture. The LTEnetwork architecture may be referred to as an Evolved Packet System(EPS) 100. The EPS 100 may include one or more user equipment (UE) 102,an Evolved UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access Network (E-UTRAN) 104, anEvolved Packet Core (EPC) 110, a Home Subscriber Server (HSS) 120, andan Operator's Internet Protocol (IP) Services 122. The EPS caninterconnect with other access networks, but for simplicity thoseentities/interfaces are not shown. As shown, the EPS providespacket-switched services, however, as those skilled in the art willreadily appreciate, the various concepts presented throughout thisdisclosure may be extended to networks providing circuit-switchedservices.

The E-UTRAN includes the evolved Node B (eNB) 106 and other eNBs 108.The eNB 106 provides user and control planes protocol terminationstoward the UE 102. The eNB 106 may be connected to the other eNBs 108via a backhaul (e.g., an X2 interface). The eNB 106 may also be referredto as a base station, a Node B, an access point, a base transceiverstation, a radio base station, a radio transceiver, a transceiverfunction, a basic service set (BSS), an extended service set (ESS), orsome other suitable terminology. The eNB 106 provides an access point tothe EPC 110 for a UE 102. Examples of UEs 102 include a cellular phone,a smart phone, a session initiation protocol (SIP) phone, a laptop, apersonal digital assistant (PDA), a satellite radio, a globalpositioning system, a multimedia device, a video device, a digital audioplayer (e.g., MP3 player), a camera, a game console, a tablet, or anyother similar functioning device. The UE 102 may also be referred to bythose skilled in the art as a mobile station, a subscriber station, amobile unit, a subscriber unit, a wireless unit, a remote unit, a mobiledevice, a wireless device, a wireless communications device, a remotedevice, a mobile subscriber station, an access terminal, a mobileterminal, a wireless terminal, a remote terminal, a handset, a useragent, a mobile client, a client, or some other suitable terminology.

The eNB 106 is connected to the EPC 110. The EPC 110 includes a MobilityManagement Entity (MME) 112, other MMEs 114, a Serving Gateway 116, aMultimedia Broadcast Multicast Service (MBMS) Gateway 124, a BroadcastMulticast Service Center (BM-SC) 126, and a Packet Data Network (PDN)Gateway 118. The MME 112 is the control node that processes thesignaling between the UE 102 and the EPC 110. Generally, the MME 112provides bearer and connection management. All user IP packets aretransferred through the Serving Gateway 116, which itself is connectedto the PDN Gateway 118. The PDN Gateway 118 provides UE IP addressallocation as well as other functions. The PDN Gateway 118 is connectedto the Operator's IP Services 122. The Operator's IP Services 122 mayinclude the Internet, an intranet, an IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS), anda PS Streaming Service (PSS). The BM-SC 126 may provide functions forMBMS user service provisioning and delivery. The BM-SC 126 may serve asan entry point for content provider MBMS transmission, may be used toauthorize and initiate MBMS Bearer Services within a PLMN, and may beused to schedule and deliver MBMS transmissions. The MBMS Gateway 124may be used to distribute MBMS traffic to the eNBs (e.g., 106, 108)belonging to a Multicast Broadcast Single Frequency Network (MBSFN) areabroadcasting a particular service, and may be responsible for sessionmanagement (start/stop) and for collecting eMBMS related charginginformation.

FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating an example of an access network 200 inan LTE network architecture. In this example, the access network 200 isdivided into a number of cellular regions (cells) 202. One or more lowerpower class eNBs 208 may have cellular regions 210 that overlap with oneor more of the cells 202. The lower power class eNB 208 may be a femtocell (e.g., home eNB (HeNB)), pico cell, micro cell, or remote radiohead (RRH). The macro eNBs 204 are each assigned to a respective cell202 and are configured to provide an access point to the EPC 110 for allthe UEs 206 in the cells 202. There is no centralized controller in thisexample of an access network 200, but a centralized controller may beused in alternative configurations. The eNBs 204 are responsible for allradio related functions including radio bearer control, admissioncontrol, mobility control, scheduling, security, and connectivity to theserving gateway 116.

The modulation and multiple access scheme employed by the access network200 may vary depending on the particular telecommunications standardbeing deployed. In LTE applications, OFDM is used on the DL and SC-FDMAis used on the UL to support both frequency division duplex (FDD) andtime division duplex (TDD). As those skilled in the art will readilyappreciate from the detailed description to follow, the various conceptspresented herein are well suited for LTE applications. However, theseconcepts may be readily extended to other telecommunication standardsemploying other modulation and multiple access techniques. By way ofexample, these concepts may be extended to Evolution-Data Optimized(EV-DO) or Ultra Mobile Broadband (UMB). EV-DO and UMB are air interfacestandards promulgated by the 3rd Generation Partnership Project 2(3GPP2) as part of the CDMA2000 family of standards and employs CDMA toprovide broadband Internet access to mobile stations. These concepts mayalso be extended to Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (UTRA) employingWideband-CDMA (W-CDMA) and other variants of CDMA, such as TD-SCDMA;Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) employing TDMA; andEvolved UTRA (E-UTRA), IEEE 802.11 (Wi-Fi), IEEE 802.16 (WiMAX), IEEE802.20, and Flash-OFDM employing OFDMA. UTRA, E-UTRA, UMTS, LTE and GSMare described in documents from the 3GPP organization. CDMA2000 and UMBare described in documents from the 3GPP2 organization. The actualwireless communication standard and the multiple access technologyemployed will depend on the specific application and the overall designconstraints imposed on the system.

The eNBs 204 may have multiple antennas supporting MIMO technology. Theuse of MIMO technology enables the eNBs 204 to exploit the spatialdomain to support spatial multiplexing, beamforming, and transmitdiversity. Spatial multiplexing may be used to transmit differentstreams of data simultaneously on the same frequency. The data steamsmay be transmitted to a single UE 206 to increase the data rate or tomultiple UEs 206 to increase the overall system capacity. This isachieved by spatially precoding each data stream (i.e., applying ascaling of an amplitude and a phase) and then transmitting eachspatially precoded stream through multiple transmit antennas on the DL.The spatially precoded data streams arrive at the UE(s) 206 withdifferent spatial signatures, which enables each of the UE(s) 206 torecover the one or more data streams destined for that UE 206. On theUL, each UE 206 transmits a spatially precoded data stream, whichenables the eNB 204 to identify the source of each spatially precodeddata stream.

Spatial multiplexing is generally used when channel conditions are good.When channel conditions are less favorable, beamforming may be used tofocus the transmission energy in one or more directions. This may beachieved by spatially precoding the data for transmission throughmultiple antennas. To achieve good coverage at the edges of the cell, asingle stream beamforming transmission may be used in combination withtransmit diversity.

In the detailed description that follows, various aspects of an accessnetwork will be described with reference to a MIMO system supportingOFDM on the DL. OFDM is a spread-spectrum technique that modulates dataover a number of subcarriers within an OFDM symbol. The subcarriers arespaced apart at precise frequencies. The spacing provides“orthogonality” that enables a receiver to recover the data from thesubcarriers. In the time domain, a guard interval (e.g., cyclic prefix)may be added to each OFDM symbol to combat inter-OFDM-symbolinterference. The UL may use SC-FDMA in the form of a DFT-spread OFDMsignal to compensate for high peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR).

FIG. 3 is a diagram 300 illustrating an example of a DL frame structurein LTE. A frame (10 ms) may be divided into 10 equally sized sub-frames.Each sub-frame may include two consecutive time slots. A resource gridmay be used to represent two time slots, each time slot including aresource block. The resource grid is divided into multiple resourceelements. In LTE, a resource block contains 12 consecutive subcarriersin the frequency domain and, for a normal cyclic prefix in each OFDMsymbol, 7 consecutive OFDM symbols in the time domain, or 84 resourceelements. For an extended cyclic prefix, a resource block contains 6consecutive OFDM symbols in the time domain and has 72 resourceelements. Some of the resource elements, indicated as R 302, 304,include DL reference signals (DL-RS). The DL-RS include Cell-specific RS(CRS) (also sometimes called common RS) 302 and UE-specific RS (UE-RS)304. UE-RS 304 are transmitted only on the resource blocks upon whichthe corresponding physical DL shared channel (PDSCH) is mapped. Thenumber of bits carried by each resource element depends on themodulation scheme. Thus, the more resource blocks that a UE receives andthe higher the modulation scheme, the higher the data rate for the UE.

FIG. 4 is a diagram 400 illustrating an example of an UL frame structurein LTE. The available resource blocks for the UL may be partitioned intoa data section and a control section. The control section may be formedat the two edges of the system bandwidth and may have a configurablesize. The resource blocks in the control section may be assigned to UEsfor transmission of control information. The data section may includeall resource blocks not included in the control section. The UL framestructure results in the data section including contiguous subcarriers,which may allow a single UE to be assigned all of the contiguoussubcarriers in the data section.

A UE may be assigned resource blocks 410 a, 410 b in the control sectionto transmit control information to an eNB. The UE may also be assignedresource blocks 420 a, 420 b in the data section to transmit data to theeNB. The UE may transmit control information in a physical UL controlchannel (PUCCH) on the assigned resource blocks in the control section.The UE may transmit only data or both data and control information in aphysical UL shared channel (PUSCH) on the assigned resource blocks inthe data section. A UL transmission may span both slots of a subframeand may hop across frequency.

A set of resource blocks may be used to perform initial system accessand achieve UL synchronization in a physical random access channel(RACH) (PRACH) 430. The PRACH 430 carries a random sequence and cannotcarry any UL data/signaling. Each random access preamble occupies abandwidth corresponding to six consecutive resource blocks. The startingfrequency is specified by the network. That is, the transmission of therandom access preamble is restricted to certain time and frequencyresources. There is no frequency hopping for the PRACH. The PRACHattempt is carried in a single subframe (1 ms) or in a sequence of fewcontiguous subframes and a UE can make only a single PRACH attempt perframe (10 ms).

FIG. 5 is a diagram 500 illustrating an example of a radio protocolarchitecture for the user and control planes in LTE. The radio protocolarchitecture for the UE and the eNB is shown with three layers: Layer 1,Layer 2, and Layer 3. Layer 1 (L1 layer) is the lowest layer andimplements various physical layer signal processing functions. The L1layer will be referred to herein as the physical layer 506. Layer 2 (L2layer) 508 is above the physical layer 506 and is responsible for thelink between the UE and eNB over the physical layer 506.

In the user plane, the L2 layer 508 includes a MAC sublayer 510, a radiolink control (RLC) sublayer 512, and a packet data convergence protocol(PDCP) 514 sublayer, which are terminated at the eNB on the networkside. Although not shown, the UE may have several upper layers above theL2 layer 508 including a network layer (e.g., IP layer) that isterminated at the PDN gateway 118 on the network side, and anapplication layer that is terminated at the other end of the connection(e.g., far end UE, server, etc.).

The PDCP sublayer 514 provides multiplexing between different radiobearers and logical channels. The PDCP sublayer 514 also provides headercompression for upper layer data packets to reduce radio transmissionoverhead, security by ciphering the data packets, and handover supportfor UEs between eNBs. The RLC sublayer 512 provides segmentation andreassembly of upper layer data packets, retransmission of lost datapackets, and reordering of data packets to compensate for out-of-orderreception due to hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ). The MACsublayer 510 provides multiplexing between logical and transportchannels. The MAC sublayer 510 is also responsible for allocating thevarious radio resources (e.g., resource blocks) in one cell among theUEs. The MAC sublayer 510 is also responsible for HARQ operations.

In the control plane, the radio protocol architecture for the UE and eNBis substantially the same for the physical layer 506 and the L2 layer508 with the exception that there is no header compression function forthe control plane. The control plane also includes a radio resourcecontrol (RRC) sublayer 516 in Layer 3 (L3 layer). The RRC sublayer 516is responsible for obtaining radio resources (e.g., radio bearers) andfor configuring the lower layers using RRC signaling between the eNB andthe UE.

FIG. 6 is a block diagram of an eNB 610 in communication with a UE 650in an access network. In the DL, upper layer packets from the corenetwork are provided to a controller/processor 675. Thecontroller/processor 675 implements the functionality of the L2 layer.In the DL, the controller/processor 675 provides header compression,ciphering, packet segmentation and reordering, multiplexing betweenlogical and transport channels, and radio resource allocations to the UE650 based on various priority metrics. The controller/processor 675 isalso responsible for HARQ operations, retransmission of lost packets,and signaling to the UE 650.

The transmit (TX) processor 616 implements various signal processingfunctions for the L1 layer (i.e., physical layer). The signal processingfunctions include coding and interleaving to facilitate forward errorcorrection (FEC) at the UE 650 and mapping to signal constellationsbased on various modulation schemes (e.g., binary phase-shift keying(BPSK), quadrature phase-shift keying (QPSK), M-phase-shift keying(M-PSK), M-quadrature amplitude modulation (M-QAM)). The coded andmodulated symbols are then split into parallel streams. Each stream isthen mapped to an OFDM subcarrier, multiplexed with a reference signal(e.g., pilot) in the time and/or frequency domain, and then combinedtogether using an Inverse Fast Fourier Transform (IFFT) to produce aphysical channel carrying a time domain OFDM symbol stream. The OFDMstream is spatially precoded to produce multiple spatial streams.Channel estimates from a channel estimator 674 may be used to determinethe coding and modulation scheme, as well as for spatial processing. Thechannel estimate may be derived from a reference signal and/or channelcondition feedback transmitted by the UE 650. Each spatial stream isthen provided to a different antenna 620 via a separate transmitter618TX. Each transmitter 618TX modulates an RF carrier with a respectivespatial stream for transmission.

At the UE 650, each receiver 654RX receives a signal through itsrespective antenna 652. Each receiver 654RX recovers informationmodulated onto an RF carrier and provides the information to the receive(RX) processor 656. The RX processor 656 implements various signalprocessing functions of the L1 layer. The RX processor 656 performsspatial processing on the information to recover any spatial streamsdestined for the UE 650. If multiple spatial streams are destined forthe UE 650, they may be combined by the RX processor 656 into a singleOFDM symbol stream. The RX processor 656 then converts the OFDM symbolstream from the time-domain to the frequency domain using a Fast FourierTransform (FFT). The frequency domain signal comprises a separate OFDMsymbol stream for each subcarrier of the OFDM signal. The symbols oneach subcarrier, and the reference signal, are recovered and demodulatedby determining the most likely signal constellation points transmittedby the eNB 610. These soft decisions may be based on channel estimatescomputed by the channel estimator 658. The soft decisions are thendecoded and deinterleaved to recover the data and control signals thatwere originally transmitted by the eNB 610 on the physical channel. Thedata and control signals are then provided to the controller/processor659.

The controller/processor 659 implements the L2 layer. Thecontroller/processor can be associated with a memory 660 that storesprogram codes and data. The memory 660 may be referred to as acomputer-readable medium. In the UL, the controller/processor 659provides demultiplexing between transport and logical channels, packetreassembly, deciphering, header decompression, control signal processingto recover upper layer packets from the core network. The upper layerpackets are then provided to a data sink 662, which represents all theprotocol layers above the L2 layer. Various control signals may also beprovided to the data sink 662 for L3 processing. Thecontroller/processor 659 is also responsible for error detection usingan acknowledgement (ACK) and/or negative acknowledgement (NACK) protocolto support HARQ operations.

In the UL, a data source 667 is used to provide upper layer packets tothe controller/processor 659. The data source 667 represents allprotocol layers above the L2 layer. Similar to the functionalitydescribed in connection with the DL transmission by the eNB 610, thecontroller/processor 659 implements the L2 layer for the user plane andthe control plane by providing header compression, ciphering, packetsegmentation and reordering, and multiplexing between logical andtransport channels based on radio resource allocations by the eNB 610.The controller/processor 659 is also responsible for HARQ operations,retransmission of lost packets, and signaling to the eNB 610.

Channel estimates derived by a channel estimator 658 from a referencesignal or feedback transmitted by the eNB 610 may be used by the TXprocessor 668 to select the appropriate coding and modulation schemes,and to facilitate spatial processing. The spatial streams generated bythe TX processor 668 are provided to different antenna 652 via separatetransmitters 654TX. Each transmitter 654TX modulates an RF carrier witha respective spatial stream for transmission.

The UL transmission is processed at the eNB 610 in a manner similar tothat described in connection with the receiver function at the UE 650.Each receiver 618RX receives a signal through its respective antenna620. Each receiver 618RX recovers information modulated onto an RFcarrier and provides the information to a RX processor 670. The RXprocessor 670 may implement the L1 layer.

The controller/processor 675 implements the L2 layer. Thecontroller/processor 675 can be associated with a memory 676 that storesprogram codes and data. The memory 676 may be referred to as acomputer-readable medium. In the UL, the control/processor 675 providesdemultiplexing between transport and logical channels, packetreassembly, deciphering, header decompression, control signal processingto recover upper layer packets from the UE 650. Upper layer packets fromthe controller/processor 675 may be provided to the core network. Thecontroller/processor 675 is also responsible for error detection usingan ACK and/or NACK protocol to support HARQ operations.

FIG. 7A is a diagram 750 illustrating an example of an evolved MBMS(eMBMS) channel configuration in an MBSFN. The eNBs 752 in cells 752′may form a first MBSFN area and the eNBs 754 in cells 754′ may form asecond MBSFN area. The eNBs 752, 754 may each be associated with otherMBSFN areas, for example, up to a total of eight MBSFN areas. A cellwithin an MBSFN area may be designated a reserved cell. Reserved cellsdo not provide multicast/broadcast content, but are time-synchronized tothe cells 752′, 754′ and have restricted power on MBSFN resources inorder to limit interference to the MBSFN areas. Each eNB in an MBSFNarea synchronously transmits the same eMBMS control information anddata. Each area may support broadcast, multicast, and unicast services.A unicast service is a service intended for a specific user, e.g., avoice call. A multicast service is a service that may be received by agroup of users, e.g., a subscription video service. A broadcast serviceis a service that may be received by all users, e.g., a news broadcast.Referring to FIG. 7A, the first MBSFN area may support a first eMBMSbroadcast service, such as by providing a particular news broadcast toUE 770. The second MBSFN area may support a second eMBMS broadcastservice, such as by providing a different news broadcast to UE 760. EachMBSFN area supports a plurality of physical multicast channels (PMCH)(e.g., 15 PMCHs). Each PMCH corresponds to a multicast channel (MCH).Each MCH can multiplex a plurality (e.g., 29) of multicast logicalchannels. Each MBSFN area may have one multicast control channel (MCCH).As such, one MCH may multiplex one MCCH and a plurality of multicasttraffic channels (MTCHs) and the remaining MCHs may multiplex aplurality of MTCHs.

A UE can camp on an LTE cell to discover the availability of eMBMSservice access and a corresponding access stratum configuration. In afirst step, the UE acquires a system information block (SIB) 13 (SIB13).In a second step, based on the SIB13, the UE acquires an MBSFN AreaConfiguration message on an MCCH. In a third step, based on the MBSFNArea Configuration message, the UE acquires an MCH schedulinginformation (MSI) MAC control element. The SIB13 indicates (1) an MBSFNarea identifier of each MBSFN area supported by the cell; (2)information for acquiring the MCCH such as an MCCH repetition period(e.g., 32, 64, . . . , 256 frames), an MCCH offset (e.g., 0, 1, . . . ,10 frames), an MCCH modification period (e.g., 512, 1024 frames), asignaling modulation and coding scheme (MCS), subframe allocationinformation indicating which subframes of the radio frame as indicatedby repetition period and offset can transmit MCCH; and (3) an MCCHchange notification configuration. There is one MBSFN Area Configurationmessage for each MBSFN area. The MBSFN Area Configuration messageindicates (1) a temporary mobile group identity (TMGI) and an optionalsession identifier of each MTCH identified by a logical channelidentifier within the PMCH, (2) allocated resources (i.e., radio framesand subframes) for transmitting each PMCH of the MBSFN area and theallocation period (e.g., 4, 8, . . . , 256 frames) of the allocatedresources for all the PMCHs in the area, and (3) an MCH schedulingperiod (MSP) (e.g., 8, 16, 32, . . . , or 1024 radio frames) over whichthe MSI MAC control element is transmitted.

FIG. 7B is a diagram 790 illustrating the format of an MSI MAC controlelement. The MSI MAC control element may be sent once each MSP. The MSIMAC control element may be sent in the first subframe of each schedulingperiod of the PMCH. The MSI MAC control element can indicate the stopframe and subframe of each MTCH within the PMCH. There is one MSI perPMCH per MBSFN area.

In LTE, there has been interest in improvement of spectral efficiency,ubiquitous coverage, enhanced quality of service (QoS) support, etc.,especially in high end devices such as smart phones, tablets, etc. Therealso has been interest in low-cost MTC UEs based on LTE, whileconsidering factors such as reduction of maximum bandwidth, a singlereceive RF chain, reduction of peak rate, reduction of transmit power,and a half duplex operation. In LTE, an eNB performs AMC based onreceived CSI feedback. CSI feedback includes a channel qualityindication (CQI), a rank indication (RI), and/or a precoding matrixindex (PMI). The CSI feedback provides accurate information for ascheduler of the eNB for the purpose of the AMC. Having the CSI feedbackis desirable because inefficiency in throughput and power consumptionmay result if there is no CSI feedback. For example, without the CSIfeedback at a low SNR, using a high MCS will result in a high residualblock error rate (BLER) even after a long TTI bundling. The highresidual BLER can trigger higher layer retransmission. On the otherhand, without the CSI feedback at a high SNR, using a low MCS willresult in a much longer transmission. However, the conventional CSIfeedback feature usually involves frequent CSI feedback, which canconsume a large amount of power and UL resources. Moreover, the CSIfeedback calculation involves extensive computation, which may increasea computational cost of MTC UEs. Therefore, there is a need for anefficient approach for providing CSI feedback. Methods for efficientlyproviding CSI feedback are provided infra with respect to FIGS. 8A, 8B,8C, and 8D. Each of the methods provided with respect to FIGS. 8A, 8B,8C, and 8D may be performed individually or together with one or more ofthe other methods.

FIG. 8A is a diagram 810 for illustrating a first exemplary method.During an initial connection set up (e.g., in a RACH procedure), an MTCUE 803A may convey CSI to the eNB 805A. The MTC UE 803A receivesreference (pilot) signals 811 from an eNB 805A. Based on the referencesignals, the MTC UE 803A estimates a channel between the eNB 805A andthe MTC UE 803A. The MTC UE 803A then determines 813 a first (expected)MCS that corresponds to the estimated channel between the eNB 805A andthe MTC UE 803A. The MTC UE 803A may estimate the channel in each ofmultiple subframes. The MTC UE 803A may average the channel estimateover the multiple subframes. After determining the first MCS, the MTC UE803A receives data 815 modulated and coded with a second (current) MCSfrom the eNB 805A, and determines 817 whether the second MCS differsfrom the first MCS by more than a threshold. If the second (current) MCSdiffers from the first (expected) MCS by more than a threshold T, thenthe second MCS significantly deviates from the true channel statistics.If the MTC UE 803A determines that the second MCS significantly deviatesfrom the true channel statistics, the MTC UE 803A sends CSI 819 to theeNB 805A. According to the first exemplary method, the MTC UE 803Aprovides CSI feedback only when the CSI feedback is needed (e.g., afterthe second MCS differs from the first MCS by more than the threshold).Providing CSI feedback only when needed saves power and UL resources.

The threshold T may be an integer greater than or equal to zero thatcorresponds to a number of bits per symbol that the MCS provides. Forexample, assume the current MCS is 16-QAM and the expected MCS is QPSK.16-QAM provides 4 bits/symbol, whereas QPSK provides 2 bits/symbol. Thedifference between 16-QAM and QPSK may be equal to 2. If the thresholdTis set to 0 or 1, then the MTC UE 803A will determine that the currentMCS significantly deviates from the expected MCS. However, if thethreshold T is set to 2, then because the difference between 16-QAM andQPSK is not greater than T, the MTC UE 803A will determine that thecurrent MCS does not significantly deviate from the expected MCS. If thethreshold T is set to 2 and the expected MCS is QPSK, the MTC UE 803Awill only determine that the current MCS significantly deviates from thetrue channel statistics when the current MCS is 64-QAM or higher,corresponding to 5 or more bits/symbol. The threshold T may bedetermined in other ways, such as for example, corresponding to an MCSindex. For example, assume the current MCS is MCS 4 (the MCS index is 4)and the expected MCS is MCS 2 (the MCS index is 2). The differencebetween MCS 2 and MCS 4 may be equal to 2. If the threshold T is set to0 or 1, then the MTC UE 803A will determine that the current MCSsignificantly deviates from the expected MCS. However, if the thresholdT is set to 2, then because the difference between MCS 2 and MCS 4 isnot greater than T, the MTC UE 803A will determine that the current MCSdoes not significantly deviate from the expected MCS. If the threshold Tis set to 2 and the expected MCS is MCS 2, the MTC UE 803A will onlydetermine that the current MCS significantly deviates from the truechannel statistics when the current MCS is MCS 5 or higher.

The eNB 805A may determine an initial AMC based on a lowest MCS (e.g.,BPSK) or based on CSI feedback from the MTC UE 803A (e.g., CSI feedbackprovided during an initial connection setup, such as during a RACHprocedure). The eNB 805A may continue to use the same MCS for DLtransmissions unless the MTC UE 803A provides updated CSI feedback. Ifthe MTC UE 803A provides updated CSI feedback, the eNB 805A maydetermine the AMC based on the received CSI feedback and continue to usethe determined AMC until additional CSI feedback is received.

As discussed supra, the MTC UE 803A may perform long-term averaging ofthe channel, but send the CSI to the eNB 805A only if the current MCSsignificantly deviates (better or worse) from its true channelstatistics. Accordingly, the MTC UE 803A may average the channel betweenthe eNB 805A and the MTC UE 803A over multiple subframes, and send CSIfeedback only if the expected MCS corresponding to the estimated channeland the current MCS differ by a threshold. Thus, the CSI feedback isevent driven. For example, if the MTC UE 803A determines an expected MCSof QPSK, but receives a data transmission with 64-QAM (which issignificantly better than QPSK), the MTC UE 803A may determine to sendupdated CSI feedback to the eNB 805A. For another example, if the MTC UE803A determines that an expected MCS is 64-QAM, but receives a datatransmission with QPSK (which is significantly worse than 64-QAM), theMTC UE 803A may determine to send updated CSI feedback to the eNB 805A.

Once the MTC UE 803A determines to send CSI feedback to the eNB 805A,the

MTC UE 803A may store the CSI feedback until the next UL transmission.In a first configuration, the MTC UE 803A may include the CSI in a MACheader within a scheduled UL data (PUSCH) transmission sent to the eNB805A. In a second configuration, if there is no scheduled PUSCHtransmission, but the MTC UE 803A has a buffer status report (BSR) totransmit to the eNB 805A (i.e., the MTC UE 803A has data to transmit),the MTC UE 803A may send the CSI in a MAC header with an UL PUSCHtransmission including the BSR. The BSR indicates to the eNB 805A anamount of data in the buffer of the MTC UE 803A. If the MTCH UE 803A hasa BSR to send to the eNB 805A, the MTC UE 803A will send a schedulingrequest (SR) to the eNB 805A requesting UL resources for sending theBSR. In the second configuration, the MTC UE 803A sends the CSI and BSRin the resources allocated for the BSR.

In a third configuration, if the MTC UE 803A has no scheduled ULtransmission (e.g., PUSCH transmission) and has no BSR to transmit tothe eNB 805A, the MTC UE 803A may send an SR or perform a random accesschannel (RACH) procedure in order to send updated CSI to the eNB 805A.In the third configuration, the MTC UE 803A may send a request to theeNB 805A for sending the CSI upon determining that the second MCSdiffers from the first MCS by more than the threshold. The MTC UE 803Amay receive a response from the eNB 805A based on the request and sendthe CSI based on the received response. In one configuration, therequest may be an SR and the received response may be an UL grant. Thus,for example, when the current MCS differs from the expected MCS by morethan the threshold, the MTC UE 803A has no scheduled PUSCH transmission,and the MTC UE 803A has no BSR to transmit to the eNB 805A, an SR may betriggered to request the eNB 805A to provide UL resources for sendingthe CSI. In another configuration, the request and response may beassociated with a RACH procedure. Accordingly, the request may be arandom access preamble and the response may be a random access response.Thus, for example, when the current MCS differs from the expected MCS bymore than the threshold, the MTC UE 803A has no scheduled PUSCHtransmission, and the MTC UE 803A has no BSR to transmit to the eNB805A, the MTC UE 803A may perform a RACH procedure and send a randomaccess preamble to the eNB 805A. The MTC UE 803A may then receive arandom access response from the eNB 805A. Based on the received randomaccess response, the MTC UE 803A may send the CSI to the eNB 805A. Inyet another configuration, the MTC UE 803A may select a RACH format fora RACH procedure based on the CSI and indicate the CSI to the eNB 805Athrough the selected RACH format in a RACH procedure. The MTC UE 803Amay indicate the CSI through a selected RACH format in the random accesspreamble and/or through a selected RACH format in the response to therandom access response.

In a fourth configuration, the MTC UE 803A may send the CSI to the eNB805A through an aperiodic CQI transmission. In the fourth configuration,the MTC UE 803A receives an UL grant from the eNB 805A, and the UL grantspecifically indicates that CSI is to be sent in the allocated ULresources. The MTC UE 803A transmits the CSI feedback in the allocatedUL resources.

In a fifth configuration, if there is no UL transmission, the eNB 805Amay occasionally send an UL grant to the MTC UE 803A for sending CSIfeedback. Thus, when the MTC UE 803A has not sent CSI for a time periodgreater than a threshold time period, the eNB 805A may send an UL grant.The MTC UE 803A may receive the UL grant from the eNB 805A and send CSIto the eNB 805A based on the received UL grant from the eNB 805A. Thisprocedure may be tied to a supervision procedure.

As discussed supra, the CSI reporting may be based on the MCS differencelarger than a threshold. In addition, an alternative approach may beimplemented to compare a currently measured path loss to a last reportedpath loss. If a difference between the currently measured path loss andthe last reported path loss is significantly large (e.g., larger than acertain threshold), then the UE may send the CSI.

There are several approaches for reporting CSI feedback. In a firstapproach, the MTC UE 803A may determine the CSI based on a lowestquality channel estimate over multiple subframes and report the CSIcorresponding to the worst MCS (for power optimization). In a secondapproach, the MTC UE 803A may determine the CSI based on an average ofthe estimated channels over multiple frames and report the average CSI(for spectral efficiency optimization). In a third approach, the MTC UE803A may determine both worst case and average CSI and report both theworse case and average CSI (for eNB scheduling flexibility). In a fourthapproach, the MTC UE 803A may determine the CSI based on one estimate ofthe channel among the estimated channels of the multiple subframes. In afifth approach, the MTC UE 803A may receive a configuration indicatinghow to determine the CSI, and then determine the CSI based on thereceived configuration. The configuration may indicate to the MTC UE803A to use one of the first through fourth approaches, or may indicateto the MTC UE 803A to use a different approach for reporting CSIfeedback.

If an MBSFN broadcast is used for data transmission, the MTC UE 803A mayreceive information indicating MBSFN subframes, and determine the CSIbased on the received information. Thus, the MTC UE 803A may be notifiedof subframes that are transmitted using multicast/broadcast, and the MTCUE 803A may treat the CSI feedback differently for those subframes. Forexample, if the MTC UE 803A receives multicast/broadcast data, CSIfeedback determined based on the received multicast/broadcast data maybetter than CSI feedback determined based on a received unicast data.Accordingly, the MTC UE 803A may adjust or ignore channel estimatesbased on multicast/broadcast data.

If a decoupled DL and UL operation is used for the MTC UE 803A, one cellin the eNB 805A may be dedicated for DL while another cell in eNB 805Amay be dedicated for UL. In this case, the MTC UE 803A may receive thedata from a first cell of the eNB 805A and send CSI to a second cell ofthe eNB 805A, where the second cell is different from the first cell.The first cell of the eNB 805A may be a DL serving cell, and the secondcell of the eNB 805A may be an UL serving cell.

As discussed supra, the MTC UE 803A may select a RACH format for a RACHprocedure based on the CSI. The MTC UE 803A sends the CSI through theRACH procedure and indicates the CSI through the selected RACH format.In other words, the MTC UE 803A may choose a RACH format (e.g., adifferent length of a RACH bundle) to indicate to the eNB 805A its radiocondition, such that the format of RACH indicates the CSI to the eNB805A. For example, if the channel is in a poor condition, the MTC UE803A may select a RACH with a longer transmission time. This RACH formatof the longer transmission time indicates to the eNB 805A that thechannel is in a poor condition. On the other hand, for example, if thechannel is in a good condition, the MTC UE 803A may select a compactRACH channel, and this RACH format indicates to the eNB 805A that thechannel is in a good condition. Depending on the RACH format, the eNB805A may select an appropriate MCS and a bundling size for a subsequentDL transmission (e.g., msg2 with bundling). Similarly, the CSIinformation can be also sent in msg3 or msg5 during the RACH and RRCconnection setup procedure.

For an initial RACH procedure, the MTC UE 803A measures the DL pathloss, and depending on the path loss, selects one of multiple RACHsequences/signatures (also referred to as format). If the MTC UE 803Aselects a normal RACH transmission, then subsequent transmissions by theMTC UE 803A (msg3 and msg5) and the eNB 805A (msg2 and msg4) do not useTTI bundling. If the MTC UE 803A selects a bundled RACH transmissionwith long TTI, then subsequent transmissions by the MTC UE 803A (msg3and msg5) and the eNB 805A (msg2 and msg4) use the lowest MCS (e.g.,BPSK) with TTI bundling.

The CSI feedback may be combined with other reports. In one approach,the MTC UE 803A may receive a periodic supervision message from the eNB805A, and send a response to the eNB 805A based on the received periodicsupervision message, where the CSI is sent with the response. A periodicsupervision may be needed to determine whether the MTC UE 803A isaccessible or whether the MTC UE 803A is out of coverage or out ofservice (e.g., due to a bad battery). Thus, by sending a periodicsupervision message to the MTC UE 803A and receiving a response from theMTC UE 803A, the eNB 805A can determine whether the MTC UE 803A isalive. For example, eNB 805A may send a periodic supervision message,and if the MTC UE 803A sends back an acknowledgement in response to therequest, the eNB 805A may determine that the MTC UE 803A is accessible.MTC UE 803A may also send CSI feedback with the acknowledgement to thesupervision request.

In another approach for combining the CSI with other reports, the MTC UE803A may determine a reference signal received quality (RSRQ) and/or areference signal received power (RSRP), and send the RSRP and/or theRSRQ to the eNB 805A, where the CSI is sent with the at least one of theRSRP or the RSRQ. Thus, according to this approach, the MTC UE 803A maymeasure the RSRP and/or the RSRQ and then when the MTC UE 803A reportsthe measured RSRP/RSRQ to the eNB 805A, the MTC UE 803A may combine theCSI report with RSRP/RSRQ reporting and send the combined report to theeNB 805A. The RSRP/RSRQ reporting may be event-driven. Further, the longterm CSI reporting may be combined with the RSRP/RSRQ reporting.

In one configuration, the MTC UE 803A determines a first bundling sizethat corresponds to an estimated channel between the eNB 805A and theMTC UE 803A, receives data with a second bundling size from the eNB805A, and determines whether the second bundling size differs from thefirst bundling size by more than a threshold. The MTC UE 803A then sendsCSI after determining that the second bundling size differs from thefirst bundling size by more than the threshold. The threshold T maycorrespond to a bundling size difference. Accordingly, when a differencebetween the first bundling size and the second bundling size is greaterthan the threshold T, the MTC UE 803A may determine to send the CSI tothe eNB 805A.

In one configuration, the eNB 805A schedules the MTC UE 803A for anuplink transmission with a particular MCS. The eNB 805A determines theUL channel between the MTC UE 803A and the eNB 805A. The UL channel maybe based on reference signals received from the MTC UE 803A and/orwhether the eNB can decode a bundled TTI transmission early. The eNB805A may determine an expected MCS and/or TTI bundling size based on thedetermined uplink channel. If the current MCS and/or TTI bundling sizebeing received from the MTC UE 803A is significantly different from theexpected values (e.g., based on a threshold T, which may be a functionof at least one of a modulation order (e.g., QPSK), an MCS, or a TTIbundling size), the eNB 805A may send to the MTC UE 803A information inthe MAC header of a DL transmission packet requesting the MTC UE 803A toadjust the UL transmission MCS and/or TTI bundling size for subsequenttransmissions.

FIG. 8B is a diagram 830 for illustrating a second exemplary method. Inthe second exemplary method, an eNB 805B transmits a long TTI bundle andan MTC UE 803B sends an acknowledgement to early terminate when the MTCUE 804 can decode a subset of the TTI bundle. The eNB 805B adapts to thechannel condition based on the early termination statistics (e.g., thepercentage of the TTI bundling transmission received by the MTC UE803B). Accordingly, in the second exemplary method, the MTC UE 803B neednot determine or send CSI. As shown in FIG. 8B, the MTC UE 803B receivesa TTI bundling transmission 831 from the eNB 805B, and decodes 833 asubset of the TTI bundling transmission. When the MTC UE 803B decodesthe subset of the TTI bundling transmission, the MTC UE 803B sends anacknowledgement 835 to the eNB 805B to terminate the TTI bundlingtransmission early. The CSI is indicated to the eNB 805B though apercentage of the TTI bundling transmission received by the MTC UE 803B.Thus, the eNB 805B can determine the CSI based on the percentage of theTTI bundling transmission received by the UE, and adapt 837 to thechannel condition of this CSI by selecting an MCS appropriate fordetermined CSI. For example, if the percentage of the TTI bundlingtransmission received by the MTC UE 803B is low, this indicates to theeNB 805B that the MTC UE 803B was able to decode the subset of the TTIbundling transmission early, and thus the channel is good. The eNB 805Bmay also transmit data 839 modulated and coded with an MCS to the MTC UE803B, where the MCS is based on the percentage of the TTI bundlingtransmission received by the MTC UE 803B. A TTI bundling size of thedata 839 may also be based on the percentage of the TTI bundlingtransmission received by the MTC UE 803B.

In a default behavior, the eNB 805B may use a default bundling size andan MCS for DL transmissions and monitor acknowledgements from the MTC UE803B for possible early termination. For example, the eNB 805B mayinitially use a default bundling size of 100 subframes (100 TTIs). Ifthe MTC UE 803B early terminates after 10 subframes and informs the eNB805B of the early termination, the eNB 805B may determine that the MTCUE 803B decoded the transmission after receiving just 10% of thetransmission. The eNB 805B may then increase the MCS for a subsequentTTI bundled data transmission, and send the TTI bundled datatransmission over 10 TTIs.

In addition, for half duplex operations or TDD, the bundling operationcan overwrite the DL and UL direction change. For example, if there is aDL of 10 milliseconds of the TTI bundle, then all 10 milliseconds of DLtransmission may be completed without changing a direction to UL.

In one configuration, the eNB 805B sends a first TTI bundlingtransmission to the MTC UE 803B. The eNB 805B receives an acknowledgmentfrom the UE that the TTI bundling transmission was terminated early, anddetermines an MCS based on a percentage of the first TTI bundlingtransmission received by the MTC UE 803B. The eNB 805B sends a secondTTI bundling transmission to the MTC UE 803B modulated and coded withthe MCS determined based on the percentage of the first TTI bundlingtransmission

FIG. 8C is a diagram 850 for illustrating a third exemplary method. Inthe third exemplary method, an MTC UE 803C transmits a one-shot signal(e.g., a one-shot sounding reference signal (SRS)) to an eNB 805C via anUL channel, and the eNB 805C adjusts the MCS/bundling size depending onthe UL path loss. Thus, in this embodiment, the MTC UE 803C does notneed to calculate the CSI and to provide the CSI to the eNB 805C. Asshown in FIG. 8C, the MTC UE 803C sends an UL transmission 851 to theeNB 805C. Based on the UL transmission, the eNB 805C determines 853 anMCS and/or a TTI bundling size. The eNB 805C then transmits data 855 tothe MTC UE 803C. This data transmission received by the MTC UE 803C hasan MCS and/or a TTI bundling size determined based on the ULtransmission. Because the eNB 805C is determining the MCS based on an ULchannel estimation rather than a DL channel estimation, the thirdexemplary method may be used only for TDD (the UL channel estimation isbased on the same subcarriers as a DL channel estimation).

In one configuration, the eNB 805C receives an uplink transmission fromthe MTC UE 803C, and determines an MCS based on the received uplinktransmission and/or a TTI bundling size based on the received uplinktransmission. The eNB 805C sends a data transmission to the MTC UE 803Cwith the determined MCS and/or the determined TTI bundling size.

FIG. 8D is a diagram 870 for illustrating a fourth exemplary method.During an initial connection set up (e.g., in a RACH procedure), an MTCUE 803D may convey CSI to the eNB 805D. The MTC UE 803D receivesreference signals 871 from an eNB 805D. Based on the reference signals871, the MTC UE 803D estimates a channel between the eNB 805D and theMTC UE 803D. The MTC UE 803D then determines 873 CSI that corresponds tothe estimated channel between the eNB 805D and the MTC UE 803D. The MTCUE 803D may estimate the channel in each of multiple subframes. The MTCUE 803D may average the channel estimate over the multiple subframes.After determining the CSI, the MTC UE 803D determines 875 whether tosend the CSI to the eNB 805D based on a threshold T2 and/or a timer. Forexample, if the CSI differs from a reference CSI by more than thethreshold T2 (D_(CSI)>T2, where D_(CSI) is the difference between thereference CSI and the CSI), the MTC UE 803 may send the CSI to the eNB805D. In other words, if a difference between the CSI and the referenceCSI is greater than the threshold T2, the MTC UE 803D may determine tosend the CSI to the eNB 805D. In another example, the MTC UE 803D mayset a timer upon sending CSI. When the timer expires, the MTC UE 803Dmay determine to send the CSI to the eNB 805D. The MTC UE 803D mayutilize both the threshold T2 and the timer. In such a configuration,the MTC UE 803D determines to send the CSI when the difference betweenthe CSI and the reference CSI is greater than the threshold T2, and uponexpiration of the timer, even if the difference between the CSI and thereference CSI is not greater than the threshold T2. If the MTC UE 803Ddetermines to send, the MTC UE 803 sends the CSI 877 to the eNB 805D.The MTC UE 803D may send the CSI 877 in a MAC header. According to thefourth exemplary method, the MTC UE 803D may provide CSI feedback onlywhen the CSI feedback is needed and/or upon expiration of a timer (e.g.,when the CSI differs from the reference CSI by more than the thresholdT2 and/or the timer expires). Providing CSI feedback only when needed orinfrequently based on a timer saves power and UL resources.

The MTC UE 803D's determination to send the CSI to the eNB 805D based onthe threshold T2 may depend on a difference between the CSI and thereference CSI. The CSI may include a CQI, an RI, a PMI, an MCS, and/orpath loss. Thus, the CSI may correspond to a CQI index. For example,assume that the CSI corresponds to a CQI index of 4 and the referenceCSI corresponds to a CQI index of 8. Then, the difference between theCSI with the CQI index of 4 and the reference CSI with the CQI index of8 is 4. In a first scenario, if the threshold T2 is less than or equalto 3, the threshold T2 is less than the difference between the CSI withthe CQI index of 4 and the reference CSI with the CQI index of 8.Therefore, the MTC UE 803D determines that the difference between theCSI and the reference CSI is greater than the threshold T2, and thus theCSI significantly deviates from the reference CSI. As a result, in thefirst scenario, the MTC UE 803D determines to send the CSI to the eNB805D. On the other hand, in a second scenario, if the threshold T2 isgreater than or equal to 5, then the MTC UE 803D determines that the CSIdoes not significantly deviate from the reference CSI because thedifference between the CSI with the CQI index of 4 and the reference CSIwith the CQI index of 8 is not greater than the threshold T2. Therefore,in the second scenario, the MTC UE 803D determines not to send the CSIto the eNB 805D.

In one example, reference CSI may be CSI that the UE 803D has previouslyreported to the eNB 805D prior to determining the CSI at 873. Forexample, prior to determining the CSI at 873, the MTC UE 803D maydetermine CSI based on previously received reference signals receivedfrom the eNB 805D and report the reference CSI to the eNB 805D. Thus,when the previously reported CSI is used as the reference CSI, thereference CSI varies depending on the reference signals received fromthe eNB 805D. In another example, the reference CSI may be a fixed CSIthat includes a fixed value as the reference CSI. In another example,the reference CSI may be based on path loss (e.g., DL path loss). In anaspect, a difference between a current path loss and a reference pathloss (e.g. path loss included in the reference CSI) may be included inthe CSI as the path loss information.

In another example, the MTC UE 803D may determine the reference CSIbased on an MCS of a data transmission received from the eNB 805D. Thereference CSI may be determined based on a mapping between an MCS and aCSI. For example, reference CSI with a CQI index of 4 may correspond toQPSK with a code rate of 0.03, and reference CSI with a CQI index of 8may correspond to 16 QAM with a code rate of 0.48. Thus, if an MCS of adata transmission received from the eNB 805D is 16 QAM with a code rateof approximately 0.48, then the MTC UE 803D determines that thereference CSI corresponds to the CQI index of 8.

As discussed supra, the MTC UE 803D may perform long-term averaging ofthe channel, but send the CSI to the eNB 805D only if the CSIsignificantly deviates from the reference CSI. Accordingly, the MTC UE803D may average the channel between the eNB 805D and the MTC UE 803Dover multiple subframes, and send CSI feedback only if the reference CSIand the CSI differ by the threshold T2. Thus, the CSI feedback is eventdriven. In an example where the threshold T2 is set to 4 and referenceCSI corresponds to a CQI index of 8, if the MTC UE 803D determines theCSI with a CQI index of 15, the MTC UE 803D may determine to send CSIfeedback to the eNB 805D because the CSI's CQI index is significantlybetter (i.e., CQI index 15−CQI index 8≥4) than the reference CSI's CQIindex of 8. For another example, if the MTC UE 803D determines the CSIwith a CQI index of 3, the MTC UE 803D may determine to send CSIfeedback to the eNB 805D because the CSI's CQI index is significantlyworse (i.e., CQI index 8−CQI index 3≥4) than the reference CSI's CQIindex of 8.

Once the MTC UE 803D determines to send CSI feedback to the eNB 805D,the MTC UE 803D may store the CSI feedback until the next ULtransmission. In a first configuration, the MTC UE 803D may include theCSI in a MAC header within a scheduled UL data (PUSCH) transmission sentto the eNB 805D. In a second configuration, if there is no scheduledPUSCH transmission, but the MTC UE 803D has a BSR to transmit to the eNB805D (i.e., the MTC UE 803D has data to transmit), the MTC UE 803D maysend the CSI in a MAC header with a UL PUSCH transmission including theBSR. The BSR indicates to the eNB 805D an amount of data in the bufferof the MTC UE 803D. If the MTCH UE 803D has a BSR to send to the eNB805D, the MTC UE 803D will send a SR to the eNB 805D requesting ULresources for sending the BSR. In the second configuration, the MTC UE803D sends the CSI and BSR in the resources allocated for the BSR.

In a third configuration, if the MTC UE 803D has no scheduled ULtransmission (e.g., PUSCH transmission) and has no BSR to transmit tothe eNB 805D, the MTC UE 803D may send an SR or perform a RACH procedurein order to send updated CSI to the eNB 805D. In the thirdconfiguration, the MTC UE 803D may send a request to the eNB 805D forsending the CSI upon determining to send the CSI based on the timerand/or the threshold T2. The MTC UE 803D may receive a response from theeNB 805D based on the request and send the CSI based on the receivedresponse. The response may be a UL grant. Subsequently, the MTC UE 803Dmay send the CSI in a scheduled PUSCH of the UL grant. The MTC UE 803Dmay send the CSI in the MAC header of the scheduled PUSCH of the ULgrant or in a payload portion of the scheduled PUSCH of the UL grant. Inone aspect, the MTC UE 803D may send the CSI in message 3 (msg3) ormessage 5 (msg5) of the RACH procedure. In one configuration, therequest may be an SR and the received response may be a UL grant. Thus,for example, when the CSI differs from the reference CSI by more thanthe threshold T2 and/or the timer expires, the MTC UE 803D has noscheduled PUSCH transmission, and the MTC UE 803D has no BSR to transmitto the eNB 805D, an SR may be triggered to request the eNB 805D toprovide UL resources for sending the CSI. In another configuration, therequest and response may be associated with a RACH procedure. Theresponse received at the MTC UE 803D may be a UL grant. Accordingly, therequest may be a random access preamble and the response may be a randomaccess response. Thus, for example, when the CSI differs from thereference CSI by more than the threshold T2 and/or the timer expires,the MTC UE 803D has no scheduled PUSCH transmission, and the MTC UE 803Dhas no BSR to transmit to the eNB 805D, the MTC UE 803D may perform aRACH procedure and send a random access preamble to the eNB 805D. TheMTC UE 803D may then receive a random access response from the eNB 805D.Based on the received random access response, the MTC UE 803D may sendthe CSI to the eNB 805D. In yet another configuration, the MTC UE 803Dmay select a RACH format for a RACH procedure based on the CSI andindicate the CSI to the eNB 805D through the selected RACH format in aRACH procedure. The MTC UE 803D may indicate the CSI through a selectedRACH format in the random access preamble and/or through a selected RACHformat in the response to the random access response.

In a fourth configuration, the MTC UE 803D may send the CSI to the eNB805D through an aperiodic CQI transmission. In the fourth configuration,the MTC UE 803D receives a UL grant from the eNB 805D, and the UL grantspecifically indicates that CSI is to be sent in the allocated ULresources. The MTC UE 803D transmits the CSI feedback in the allocatedUL resources.

In a fifth configuration, if there is no UL transmission, the eNB 805Dmay occasionally send a UL grant to the MTC UE 803D for sending CSIfeedback.

Thus, when the MTC UE 803D has not sent CSI for a time period greaterthan a threshold time period, the eNB 805D may send a UL grant. The MTCUE 803D may receive the UL grant from the eNB 805D and send CSI to theeNB 805D based on the received UL grant from the eNB 805D. Thisprocedure may be tied to a supervision procedure.

There are several approaches for reporting CSI feedback. In a firstapproach, the MTC UE 803D may determine the CSI based on a lowestquality channel estimate over multiple subframes and report the worstCSI (for power optimization). In a second approach, the MTC UE 803D maydetermine the CSI based on an average of the estimated channels overmultiple frames and report the average CSI (for spectral efficiencyoptimization). In a third approach, the MTC UE 803D may determine bothworst case and average CSI and report both the worse case and averageCSI (for eNB scheduling flexibility). In a fourth approach, the MTC UE803D may determine the CSI based on one estimate of the channel amongthe estimated channels of the multiple subframes. In a fifth approach,the MTC UE 803D may receive a configuration indicating how to determinethe CSI, and then determine the CSI based on the received configuration.The configuration may indicate to the MTC UE 803D to use one of thefirst through fourth approaches, or may indicate to the MTC UE 803D touse a different approach for reporting CSI feedback.

If an MBSFN broadcast is used for data transmission, the MTC UE 803D mayreceive information indicating MBSFN subframes, and determine the CSIbased on the received information. Thus, the MTC UE 803D may be notifiedof subframes that are transmitted using multicast/broadcast, and the MTCUE 803D may treat the CSI feedback differently for those subframes. Forexample, if the MTC UE 803D receives multicast/broadcast data, CSIfeedback determined based on the received multicast/broadcast data maybetter than CSI feedback determined based on a received unicast data.Accordingly, the MTC UE 803D may adjust or ignore channel estimatesbased on multicast/broadcast data.

If a decoupled DL and UL operation is used for the MTC UE 803D, one cellin the eNB 805D may be dedicated for DL while another cell in eNB 805Dmay be dedicated for UL. In this case, the MTC UE 803D may receive thedata from a first cell of the eNB 805D and send CSI to a second cell ofthe eNB 805D, where the second cell is different from the first cell.The first cell of the eNB 805D may be a DL serving cell, and the secondcell of the eNB 805D may be a UL serving cell.

As discussed supra, the MTC UE 803D may select a RACH format for a RACHprocedure based on the CSI. The MTC UE 803D sends the CSI through theRACH procedure and indicates the CSI through the selected RACH format.In other words, the MTC UE 803D may choose a RACH format (e.g., adifferent length of a RACH bundle) to indicate to the eNB 805D its radiocondition, such that the format of RACH indicates the CSI to the eNB805D. For example, if the channel is in a poor condition, the MTC UE803D may select a RACH with a longer transmission time. This RACH formatof the longer transmission time indicates to the eNB 805D that thechannel is in a poor condition. On the other hand, for example, if thechannel is in a good condition, the MTC UE 803D may select a compactRACH channel, and this RACH format indicates to the eNB 805D that thechannel is in a good condition. Depending on the RACH format, the eNB805D may select an appropriate MCS and a bundling size for a subsequentDL transmission (e.g., msg2 with bundling).

For an initial RACH procedure, the MTC UE 803D measures the DL pathloss, and depending on the path loss, selects one of multiple RACHsequences/signatures (also referred to as format). If the MTC UE 803Dselects a normal RACH transmission, then subsequent transmissions by theMTC UE 803D (msg3 and msg5) and the eNB 805D (msg2 and msg4) do not useTTI bundling. If the MTC UE 803D selects a bundled RACH transmissionwith long TTI, then subsequent transmissions by the MTC UE 803D (msg3and msg5) and the eNB 805D (msg2 and msg4) use the lowest MCS (e.g.,BPSK) with TTI bundling.

The CSI feedback may be combined with other reports. In one approach,the MTC UE 803D may receive a periodic supervision message from the eNB805D, and send a response to the eNB 805D based on the received periodicsupervision message, where the CSI is sent with the response. A periodicsupervision may be needed to determine whether the MTC UE 803D isaccessible or whether the MTC UE 803D is out of coverage or out ofservice (e.g., due to a bad battery). Thus, by sending a periodicsupervision message to the MTC UE 803D and receiving a response from theMTC UE 803D, the eNB 805D can determine whether the MTC UE 803D isalive. For example, eNB 805D may send a periodic supervision message,and if the MTC UE 803D sends back an acknowledgement in response to therequest, the eNB 805D may determine that the MTC UE 803D is accessible.MTC UE 803D may also send CSI feedback with the acknowledgement to thesupervision request.

In another approach for combining the CSI with other reports, the MTC UE803D may determine an RSRQ and/or an RSRP, and send the RSRP and/or theRSRQ to the eNB 805D, where the CSI is sent with the RSRP and/or theRSRQ. Thus, according to this approach, the MTC UE 803D may measure theRSRP and/or the RSRQ and then when the MTC UE 803D reports the measuredRSRP/RSRQ to the eNB 805D, the MTC UE 803D may combine the CSI reportwith RSRP/RSRQ reporting and send the combined report to the eNB 805D.The RSRP/RSRQ reporting may be event-driven. Further, the long term CSIreporting may be combined with the RSRP/RSRQ reporting.

FIG. 9 is a flow chart 900 of a first method of wireless communication.The method may be performed by a UE. At step 902, the UE estimates achannel between a base station and a UE in each of a plurality ofsubframes. The channel may be averaged over a plurality of subframes. Atstep 904, the UE determines a first MCS that corresponds to theestimated channel between the base station and the UE. At step 906, theUE receives data modulated and coded with a second MCS from the basestation. At step 908, the UE determines whether the second MCS differsfrom the first MCS by more than a threshold. If the UE determines thatthe second MCS does not differ from the first MCS by more than athreshold, the UE goes back to step 902. If the UE determines that thesecond MCS differs from the first MCS by more than a threshold, at step912, the UE may determine the CSI. The UE may determine the CSI in step912 based on a received configuration in step 910. At step 914, the UEsends the CSI after determining that the second MCS differs from thefirst MCS by more than the threshold. At step 914, the CSI may be sentin a MAC header within a scheduled UL data transmission. At step 914,the CSI may be sent in a MAC header within an UL transmission with abuffer status report.

For example, referring to FIG. 8A, the MTC UE 803A estimates a channelbetween the eNB 805A and the MTC UE 803A in each of a plurality ofsubframes. The channel may be averaged over a plurality of subframes.The MTC UE 803A determines a first MCS that corresponds to the estimatedchannel between the eNB 805A and the MTC UE 803A. The MTC UE 803Areceives data modulated and coded with a second MCS from the eNB 805A.The MTC UE 803A determines whether the second MCS differs from the firstMCS by more than a threshold. If the MTC UE 803A determines that thesecond MCS does not differ from the first MCS by more than a threshold,the MTC UE 803A goes back to estimating of a channel between the eNB805A and the MTC UE 803A in each of a plurality of subframes. If the MTCUE 803A determines that the second MCS differs from the first MCS bymore than a threshold, the MTC UE 803A determines CSI, and then sendsthe CSI at the next available opportunity according to the CSI feedbackmethod.

In one configuration, the UE sends a request to the base station forsending the CSI upon determining that the second MCS differs from thefirst MCS by more than the threshold, and receives a response from thebase station based on the request. The UE may send the CSI to the basestation based on the received response. The request may be a schedulingrequest and the response may be an UL grant. The scheduling request mayrequest UL resources for sending the CSI. The UE may send the CSI in therequested UL resources. The request may be a random access preamble andthe response may be a random access response.

In one configuration, the UE receives an UL grant from the base station.The UL grant requests the CSI. The UE sends CSI based on the received ULgrant. In one configuration, the UE receives an UL grant from the basestation. The UL grant is received when CSI is not sent for a time periodgreater than a threshold. The UE may send the CSI based on the receivedUL grant. In one configuration, the estimated channel is averaged over aplurality of subframes. In one configuration, the UE estimates thechannel in each of a plurality of subframes, and determines the CSIbased on a lowest quality channel estimate over the plurality ofsubframes. In one configuration, the UE estimates the channel in each ofa plurality of subframes, and determines the CSI based on an average ofthe estimated channels over the plurality of subframes. In oneconfiguration, the CSI includes first CSI corresponding to a lowestquality channel estimate and second CSI corresponding to an averagechannel estimate. In one configuration, the UE estimates the channel ineach of a plurality of subframes, and determines the CSI based on oneestimate of the channel. In one configuration, the UE receives aconfiguration indicating how to determine the CSI, and determines theCSI based on the received configuration. In one configuration, the UEreceives information indicating MBSFN subframes, and determines the CSIbased on the received information. In one configuration, the data isreceived from a first cell of the base station and the CSI is sent to asecond cell different than the first cell of the base station. In oneconfiguration, the UE selects a RACH format for a RACH procedure basedon the CSI. The UE sends the CSI through the RACH procedure andindicates the CSI through the selected RACH format. In oneconfiguration, the UE receives a periodic supervision message from thebase station, and sends a response to the base station based on thereceived periodic supervision message. The UE may send the CSI with theresponse. In one configuration, the UE determines at least one of anRSRQ or an RSRP, and sends the at least one of the RSRP or the RSRQ tothe base station. The UE may send the CSI with the at least one of theRSRP or the RSRQ.

FIG. 10 is a flow chart 1000 of a second method of wirelesscommunication. The method may be performed by a UE. At step 1002, the UEreceives a TTI bundling transmission from a base station. At step 1004,the UE decodes a subset of the TTI bundling transmission. At step 1006,the UE sends an acknowledgment to the base station to terminate the TTIbundling transmission early upon decoding the subset of the TTI bundlingtransmission. The CSI is indicated to the base station through apercentage of the TTI bundling transmission received by the UE. At step1008, the UE receives (TTI bundled) data modulated and coded with an MCSfrom the base station, where the MCS is based on the percentage of theTTI bundling transmission received by the UE. The UE returns to step1004 to decode a subset of the TTI bundling transmission received atstep 1008.

For example, referring to FIG. 8B, the MTC UE 803B receives a TTIbundling transmission from the eNB 805B. The MTC UE 803B decodes asubset of the TTI bundling transmission. The MTC UE 803B sends anacknowledgment to the eNB 805B to terminate the TTI bundlingtransmission early upon decoding the subset of the TTI bundlingtransmission. The CSI is indicated to the eNB 805B through a percentageof the TTI bundling transmission received by the MTC UE 803B. The MTC UE803B receives (TTI bundled) data modulated and coded with an MCS fromthe eNB 805B, where the MCS is based on the percentage of the TTIbundling transmission received by the MTC UE 803B.

FIG. 11 is a flow chart 1100 of a third method of wirelesscommunication. The method may be performed by a UE. At step 1102, the UEsends an UL transmission to a base station. At step 1104, the UEreceives a data transmission from the base station. The datatransmission has at least one of an MCS determined based on the ULtransmission or a TTI bundling size determined based on the ULtransmission.

For example, referring to FIG. 8C, the MTC UE 803C sends an ULtransmission to the eNB 805C. The MTC UE 803C receives a datatransmission from the eNB 805C, the data transmission having at leastone of an MCS determined based on the UL transmission or a TTI bundlingsize determined based on the UL transmission.

FIG. 12 is a conceptual data flow diagram 1200 illustrating the dataflow between different modules/means/components in an exemplaryapparatus 1202. The apparatus may be a UE. The apparatus includes areceiving module 1204 that is configured to receive data from the basestation. The apparatus further includes a channel estimation module 1206that is configured to estimate a channel between the base station andthe UE in each of a plurality of subframes. The estimated channel may beaveraged over a plurality of subframes. The apparatus further includes aMCS determination and comparison module 1208 that is configured todetermine a first MCS that corresponds to the estimated channel betweenthe base station and the UE. The MCS determination and comparison module1208 is configured to determine a second MCS, and to determine whetherthe second MCS differs from the first MCS by more than a threshold. Theapparatus further includes a CSI determination module 1210 that isconfigured to determine the CSI. The CSI determination module 1210 mayreceive a configuration indicating how to determine the CSI, anddetermine the CSI based on the received configuration. In particular,the CSI determination module 1210 may be configured to determine the CSIbased on a lowest quality channel estimate over the plurality ofsubframes. The CSI determination module 1210 may also be configured todetermine the CSI based on an average of the estimated channels over theplurality of subframes. The CSI determination module 1210 may also beconfigured to determine the CSI that includes first CSI corresponding toa lowest quality channel estimate and second CSI corresponding to anaverage channel estimate. The CSI determination module 1210 may also beconfigured to determine the CSI based on one estimate of the channel.The CSI determination module 1210 may also be configured to receiveinformation indicating MBSFN subframes, and to determine the CSI basedon the received information. Further, the data may be received from afirst cell of the base station and the CSI may be sent to a second celldifferent than the first cell of the base station.

The apparatus further includes a transmission module 1212 that isconfigured to send the CSI after determining that the second MCS differsfrom the first MCS by more than the threshold. The transmission module1212 may also be configured to send the CSI in a MAC header within ascheduled UL data transmission and/or to send the CSI in a MAC headerwith an UL transmission with a buffer status report. The transmissionmodule 1212 may also be configured to send a request to the base stationfor sending the CSI upon determining that the second MCS differs fromthe first MCS by more than the threshold, and the receiving module 1204may also be configured to receive a response from the base station basedon the request, where the CSI is sent to the base station based on thereceived response. The request may be a scheduling request and theresponse may be an UL grant. The scheduling request may request ULresources for sending the CSI, where the CSI is sent in the requested ULresources via the transmission module 1212. The request may also be arandom access preamble and the response may be a random access response.The receiving module 1204 may also configured to receive an UL grantfrom the base station, the UL grant requesting the CSI, where the CSI issent based on the received UL grant. The receiving module 1204 may alsoconfigured to receive an UL grant from the base station, the UL grantbeing received when CSI is not sent for a time period greater than athreshold, where the CSI is sent based on the received UL grant.

The transmission module 1212 may also be configured to select a RACHformat for a RACH procedure based on the CSI, where the CSI is sentthrough the RACH procedure and is indicated through the selected RACHformat. The receiving module 1204 may also be configured to receive aperiodic supervision message from the base station, and the transmissionmodule 1212 may be configured to a response to the base station based onthe received periodic supervision message. In an aspect, the CSI may besent with the response. The apparatus further includes an RSRP/RSRQmodule 1214 that is configured to determining at least one of an RSRQ oran RSRP, and the transmission module 1212 may be configured to send theat least one of the RSRP or the RSRQ to the base station. In such anaspect, the CSI may be sent with the at least one of the RSRP or theRSRQ.

The apparatus may include additional modules that perform each of thesteps of the algorithm in the aforementioned flow charts of FIGS. 8A and9. As such, each step in the aforementioned flow charts of FIGS. 8A and9 may be performed by a module and the apparatus may include one or moreof those modules. The modules may be one or more hardware componentsspecifically configured to carry out the stated processes/algorithm,implemented by a processor configured to perform the statedprocesses/algorithm, stored within a computer-readable medium forimplementation by a processor, or some combination thereof

FIG. 13 is a diagram 1300 illustrating an example of a hardwareimplementation for an apparatus 1202′ employing a processing system1314. The processing system 1314 may be implemented with a busarchitecture, represented generally by the bus 1324. The bus 1324 mayinclude any number of interconnecting buses and bridges depending on thespecific application of the processing system 1314 and the overalldesign constraints. The bus 1324 links together various circuitsincluding one or more processors and/or hardware modules, represented bythe processor 1304, the modules 1204, 1206, 1208, 1210, 1212, and 1214and the computer-readable medium 1306. The bus 1324 may also linkvarious other circuits such as timing sources, peripherals, voltageregulators, and power management circuits, which are well known in theart, and therefore, will not be described any further.

The processing system 1314 may be coupled to a transceiver 1310. Thetransceiver 1310 is coupled to one or more antennas 1320. Thetransceiver 1310 provides a means for communicating with various otherapparatus over a transmission medium. The transceiver 1310 receives asignal from the one or more antennas 1320, extracts information from thereceived signal, and provides the extracted information to theprocessing system 1314, specifically the receiving module 1204. Inaddition, the transceiver 1310 receives information from the processingsystem 1314, specifically the transmission module 1212, and based on thereceived information, generates a signal to be applied to the one ormore antennas 1320. The processing system 1314 includes a processor 1304coupled to a computer-readable medium 1306. The processor 1304 isresponsible for general processing, including the execution of softwarestored on the computer-readable medium 1306. The software, when executedby the processor 1304, causes the processing system 1314 to perform thevarious functions described supra for any particular apparatus. Thecomputer-readable medium 1306 may also be used for storing data that ismanipulated by the processor 1304 when executing software. Theprocessing system further includes at least one of the modules 1204,1206, 1208, 1210, 1212, and 1214. The modules may be software modulesrunning in the processor 1304, resident/stored in the computer readablemedium 1306, one or more hardware modules coupled to the processor 1304,or some combination thereof. The processing system 1314 may be acomponent of the UE 650 and may include the memory 660 and/or at leastone of the TX processor 668, the RX processor 656, and thecontroller/processor 659.

In one configuration, the apparatus 1202/1202′ for wirelesscommunication includes means for determining a first MCS thatcorresponds to an estimated channel between a base station and the UE,means for receiving data modulated and coded with a second MCS from thebase station, means for determining whether the second MCS differs fromthe first MCS by more than a threshold, and means for sending CSI afterdetermining that the second MCS differs from the first MCS by more thanthe threshold. The apparatus may further include means for sending arequest to the base station for sending the CSI upon determining thatthe second MCS differs from the first MCS by more than the threshold,and means for receiving a response from the base station based on therequest. The CSI is sent to the base station based on the receivedresponse. The apparatus may further include means for estimating thechannel in each of a plurality of subframes, and means for determiningthe CSI based on a lowest quality channel estimate over the plurality ofsubframes. The apparatus may further include means for estimating thechannel in each of a plurality of subframes, and means for determiningthe CSI based on an average of the estimated channels over the pluralityof subframes. The apparatus may further include means for estimating thechannel in each of a plurality of subframes, and means for determiningthe CSI based on one estimate of the channel. The apparatus may furtherinclude means for receiving a configuration indicating how to determinethe CSI, and means for determining the CSI based on the receivedconfiguration. The apparatus may further include means for receivinginformation indicating MBSFN subframes, and means for determining theCSI based on the received information. The apparatus may further includemeans for receiving a periodic supervision message from the basestation, and means for sending a response to the base station based onthe received periodic supervision message. The CSI is sent with theresponse. The apparatus may further include means for determining atleast one of an RSRQ or an RSRP, and means for sending the at least oneof the RSRP or the RSRQ to the base station. The CSI is sent with the atleast one of the RSRP or the RSRQ. The aforementioned means may be oneor more of the aforementioned modules of the apparatus 1202 and/or theprocessing system 1314 of the apparatus 1202′ configured to perform thefunctions recited by the aforementioned means. As described supra, theprocessing system 1314 may include the TX Processor 668, the RXProcessor 656, and the controller/processor 659. As such, in oneconfiguration, the aforementioned means may be the TX Processor 668, theRX Processor 656, and the controller/processor 659 configured to performthe functions recited by the aforementioned means.

FIG. 14 is a conceptual data flow diagram 1400 illustrating the dataflow between different modules/means/components in an exemplaryapparatus 1402. The apparatus may be a UE. The apparatus includes areceiving module 1404 that is configured to receive a TTI bundlingtransmission from a base station. The apparatus further includes adecoding module 1406 that is configured to decode a subset of the TTIbundling transmission. The apparatus further includes a transmissionmodule 1408 that is configured to send an acknowledgment to the basestation to terminate the TTI bundling transmission early upon decodingthe subset of the TTI bundling transmission. The CSI is indicated to thebase station through a percentage of the TTI bundling transmissionreceived by the UE. The receiving module 1404 may be configured toreceive data modulated and coded with an MCS from the base station,where the MCS is based on the percentage of the TTI bundlingtransmission received by the UE.

Alternatively, the transmission module 1408 may be configured to send anUL transmission to a base station, and the receiving module 1404 may beconfigured to receive a data transmission from the base station, thedata transmission having at least one of an MCS determined based on theUL transmission or a TTI bundling size determined based on the ULtransmission.

The apparatus may include additional modules that perform each of thesteps of the algorithm in the aforementioned flow charts of FIGS. 8B,8C, 10, and 11. As such, each step in the aforementioned flow charts ofFIGS. 8B, 8C, 10, and 11 may be performed by a module and the apparatusmay include one or more of those modules. The modules may be one or morehardware components specifically configured to carry out the statedprocesses/algorithm, implemented by a processor configured to performthe stated processes/algorithm, stored within a computer-readable mediumfor implementation by a processor, or some combination thereof

FIG. 15 is a diagram 1300 illustrating an example of a hardwareimplementation for an apparatus 1402′ employing a processing system1514. The processing system 1514 may be implemented with a busarchitecture, represented generally by the bus 1524. The bus 1524 mayinclude any number of interconnecting buses and bridges depending on thespecific application of the processing system 1514 and the overalldesign constraints. The bus 1524 links together various circuitsincluding one or more processors and/or hardware modules, represented bythe processor 1504, the modules 1404, 1406, and 1408, and thecomputer-readable medium 1506. The bus 1524 may also link various othercircuits such as timing sources, peripherals, voltage regulators, andpower management circuits, which are well known in the art, andtherefore, will not be described any further.

The processing system 1514 may be coupled to a transceiver 1510. Thetransceiver 1510 is coupled to one or more antennas 1520. Thetransceiver 1510 provides a means for communicating with various otherapparatus over a transmission medium. The transceiver 1510 receives asignal from the one or more antennas 1520, extracts information from thereceived signal, and provides the extracted information to theprocessing system 1514, specifically the receiving module 1404. Inaddition, the transceiver 1510 receives information from the processingsystem 1514, specifically the transmission module 1408, and based on thereceived information, generates a signal to be applied to the one ormore antennas 1520. The processing system 1514 includes a processor 1504coupled to a computer-readable medium 1506. The processor 1504 isresponsible for general processing, including the execution of softwarestored on the computer-readable medium 1506. The software, when executedby the processor 1504, causes the processing system 1514 to perform thevarious functions described supra for any particular apparatus. Thecomputer-readable medium 1506 may also be used for storing data that ismanipulated by the processor 1504 when executing software. Theprocessing system further includes at least one of the modules 1404,1406, and 1408. The modules may be software modules running in theprocessor 1504, resident/stored in the computer readable medium 1506,one or more hardware modules coupled to the processor 1504, or somecombination thereof. The processing system 1514 may be a component ofthe UE 650 and may include the memory 660 and/or at least one of the TXprocessor 668, the RX processor 656, and the controller/processor 659.

In one configuration, the apparatus 1402/1402′ for wirelesscommunication includes means for receiving a TTI bundling transmissionfrom a base station, means for decoding a subset of the TTI bundlingtransmission, and means for sending an acknowledgment to the basestation to terminate the TTI bundling transmission early upon decodingthe subset of the TTI bundling transmission, where CSI is indicated tothe base station through a percentage of the TTI bundling transmissionreceived by the UE. The apparatus may further include means forreceiving data modulated and coded with an MCS from the base station.The MCS is based on the percentage of the TTI bundling transmissionreceived by the UE.

In another configuration, the apparatus 1402/1402′ for wirelesscommunication includes means for sending an UL transmission to a basestation, and means for receiving a data transmission from the basestation, the data transmission having at least one of an MCS determinedbased on the UL transmission or a TTI bundling size determined based onthe UL transmission. The aforementioned means may be one or more of theaforementioned modules of the apparatus 1402 and/or the processingsystem 1514 of the apparatus 1402′ configured to perform the functionsrecited by the aforementioned means. As described supra, the processingsystem 1514 may include the TX Processor 668, the RX Processor 656, andthe controller/processor 659. As such, in one configuration, theaforementioned means may be the TX Processor 668, the RX Processor 656,and the controller/processor 659 configured to perform the functionsrecited by the aforementioned means.

FIG. 16 is a flow chart 1600 of a fourth method of wirelesscommunication. The method may be performed by a UE. At step 1602, the UEdetermines CSI. The CSI may be determined over multiple subframes. Atstep 1604, the UE determines whether to send the CSI based on a timerand/or a threshold. If the UE determines not to send the CSI, the UEgoes back to step 1602. If the UE determines to send the CSI, at step1606, the UE sends the CSI. The UE may send the CSI in a MAC header upondetermining to send the CSI. In an aspect, the CSI may include at leastone of a CQI, an RI, a PMI, an MCS, or path loss. The UE's determinationto send the CSI based the threshold in step 1604 may depend on adifference between the CSI and reference CSI. The reference CSI may bedetermined based on at least one of previously reported CSI, fixed CSI,path loss, or an MCS of a received data transmission from a basestation. The UE may send CSI to the base station in an initialconnection setup with the base station.

For example, referring to FIG. 8D, the MTC UE 803D estimates a channelbetween the eNB 805D and the MTC UE 803D. The MTC UE 803D thendetermines 873 CSI that corresponds to the estimated channel between theeNB 805D and the MTC UE 803D. The MTC UE 803D determines whether to sendthe CSI to the eNB 805D based on a threshold T2 and/or a timer. Forexample, if a difference between the CSI and reference CSI is greaterthan the threshold T2 and/or the timer expires, the MTC UE 803D maydetermine to send the CSI to the eNB 805D. The reference CSI may be CSIthat the UE 803D has previously reported to the eNB 805D prior todetermining the CSI. The reference CSI may be a fixed CSI that includesa fixed value as the reference CSI. The reference CSI may be determinedbased on an MCS of a data transmission received from the eNB 805D. Ifthe MTC UE 803D determines to send the CSI to the eNB 805D, the MTC UE803 sends the CSI to the eNB 805D in a MAC header.

In one configuration, the UE sends a request to the base station forsending the CSI, and receives a response from the base station based onthe request. In an aspect, the UE may send the CSI to the base stationbased on the received response. The request may be a scheduling requestor a RACH message and the response is a UL grant. In an aspect, the UEsends the CSI in a scheduled PUSCH of the UL grant. The UE may send theCSI in message 3 or message 5 of a RACH procedure.

In one configuration, the UE receives an UL grant from the base stationwhen CSI is not sent for a time period greater than a threshold. In anaspect, the UE may send the CSI based on the received UL grant. In oneconfiguration, the estimated channel is averaged over multiplesubframes. In one configuration, the UE estimates the channel in each ofmultiple subframes, and determines the CSI based on a lowest CSI overthe multiple subframes. In one configuration, the UE estimates thechannel in each of multiple subframes, and determines the CSI based onan average of the estimated channels over the multiple subframes. In oneconfiguration, the UE receives a configuration indicating how todetermine the CSI, and determines the CSI based on the receivedconfiguration. In one configuration, the UE receives informationindicating MBSFN subframes, and determines the CSI based on the receivedinformation. In one configuration, the UE selects a RACH format for aRACH procedure based on the CSI. In an aspect, the UE may send the CSIthrough the RACH procedure and indicates the CSI through the selectedRACH format. In one configuration, the UE receives a periodicsupervision message from the base station, and sends a response to thebase station based on the received periodic supervision message. In anaspect, the UE may send the CSI with the response. In one configuration,the UE determines at least one of an RSRQ or an RSRP, and sends the atleast one of the RSRP or the RSRQ to the base station. In an aspect, theUE may send the CSI with the at least one of the RSRP or the RSRQ. Inone configuration, the UE may send the CSI upon expiration of the timer.

FIG. 17 is a conceptual data flow diagram 1700 illustrating the dataflow between different modules/means/components in an exemplaryapparatus 1702. The apparatus may be a UE. The apparatus includes areceiving module 1704 that is configured to receive reference signalsfrom a base station 1750. The apparatus further includes a CSIdetermination module 1706 that is configured to determine the CSI. TheCSI determination module 1706 may determine the CSI over a plurality ofsubframes. The CSI determination module 1706 may be configured toestimate the CSI in each of a plurality of subframes, and to determinethe CSI based on a lowest CSI over the plurality of subframes or on anaverage of the estimated CSI over the plurality of subframes. The CSIdetermination module 1706 may receive a configuration indicating how todetermine the CSI, and determine the CSI based on the receivedconfiguration. The CSI determination module 1706 may also be configuredto receive information indicating MBSFN subframes, and to determine theCSI based on the received information.

The apparatus further includes a feedback module 1708 that is configuredto determine whether to send the CSI based on at least one of a timer ora threshold. The apparatus further includes a timer module 1710 tomanage the timer. The feedback module 1708 may determine to send the CSIbased on the threshold depending on a difference between the CSI andreference CSI. The CSI determination module 1706 may determine thereference CSI based on at least one of previously reported CSI, fixedCSI, path loss, or an MCS of a received data transmission from a basestation 1750. The feedback module 1708 may determine to send the CSIupon expiration of the timer indicated by the timer module 1710.

The apparatus further includes a transmission module 1712 that isconfigured to send the CSI upon determining to send the CSI. Thetransmission module 1712 may send the CSI in a MAC header upondetermining to send the CSI. In an aspect, the CSI may include at leastone of a CQI, an RI, a PMI, an MCS, or path loss. The transmissionmodule 1712 may be configured to send CSI to the base station 1750 in aninitial connection setup with the base station 1750. The transmissionmodule 1712 may also be configured to send a request to the base station1750 for sending the CSI, and the receiving module 1704 may also beconfigured to receive a response from the base station 1750 based on therequest, where the CSI is sent to the base station 1750 based on thereceived response. The request may be a scheduling request or a RACHmessage and the response may be a UL grant, where the apparatus sendsthe CSI in a scheduled PUSCH of the UL grant. In an aspect, thetransmission module 1712 may send the CSI in message 3 or message 5 of aRACH procedure. The transmission module 1712 may also be configured toselect a RACH format for a RACH procedure based on the CSI, where theCSI is sent through the RACH procedure and is indicated through theselected RACH format. The receiving module 1704 may also be configuredto receive a periodic supervision message from the base station 1750,and the transmission module 1712 may be configured to send a response tothe base station 1750 based on the received periodic supervisionmessage, where the CSI is sent with the response. The apparatus furtherincludes an RSRP/RSRQ module 1714 that is configured to determine atleast one of an RSRQ or an RSRP, and the transmission module 1712 may beconfigured to send the at least one of the RSRP or the RSRQ to the basestation 1750, where the CSI is sent with the at least one of the RSRP orthe RSRQ. The receiving module 1704 may also configured to receive an ULgrant from the base station 1750, the UL grant being received when CSIis not sent for a time period greater than a second threshold, where theCSI is sent based on the received UL grant.

The apparatus may include additional modules that perform each of thesteps of the algorithm in the aforementioned flow chart of FIGS. 8D and16. As such, each step in the aforementioned flow charts of FIGS. 8D and16 may be performed by a module and the apparatus may include one ormore of those modules. The modules may be one or more hardwarecomponents specifically configured to carry out the statedprocesses/algorithm, implemented by a processor configured to performthe stated processes/algorithm, stored within a computer-readable mediumfor implementation by a processor, or some combination thereof

FIG. 18 is a diagram 1800 illustrating an example of a hardwareimplementation for an apparatus 1702′ employing a processing system1814. The processing system 1814 may be implemented with a busarchitecture, represented generally by the bus 1824. The bus 1824 mayinclude any number of interconnecting buses and bridges depending on thespecific application of the processing system 1814 and the overalldesign constraints. The bus 1824 links together various circuitsincluding one or more processors and/or hardware modules, represented bythe processor 1804, the modules 1704, 1706, 1708, 1710, 1712, 1714, andthe computer-readable medium/memory 1806. The bus 1824 may also linkvarious other circuits such as timing sources, peripherals, voltageregulators, and power management circuits, which are well known in theart, and therefore, will not be described any further.

The processing system 1814 may be coupled to a transceiver 1810. Thetransceiver 1810 is coupled to one or more antennas 1820. Thetransceiver 1810 provides a means for communicating with various otherapparatus over a transmission medium. The transceiver 1810 receives asignal from the one or more antennas 1820, extracts information from thereceived signal, and provides the extracted information to theprocessing system 1814, specifically the receiving module 1704. Inaddition, the transceiver 1810 receives information from the processingsystem 1814, specifically the transmission module 1712, and based on thereceived information, generates a signal to be applied to the one ormore antennas 1820. The processing system 1814 includes a processor 1804coupled to a computer-readable medium/memory 1806. The processor 1804 isresponsible for general processing, including the execution of softwarestored on the computer-readable medium/memory 1806. The software, whenexecuted by the processor 1804, causes the processing system 1814 toperform the various functions described supra for any particularapparatus. The computer-readable medium/memory 1806 may also be used forstoring data that is manipulated by the processor 1804 when executingsoftware. The processing system further includes at least one of themodules 1704, 1706, 1708, 1710, 1712, and 1714. The modules may besoftware modules running in the processor 1804, resident/stored in thecomputer readable medium/memory 1806, one or more hardware modulescoupled to the processor 1804, or some combination thereof. Theprocessing system 1814 may be a component of the UE 650 and may includethe memory 660 and/or at least one of the TX processor 668, the RXprocessor 656, and the controller/processor 659.

In one configuration, the apparatus 1702/1702′ for wirelesscommunication includes means for determining CSI, means for determiningwhether to send the CSI based on at least one of a timer or a threshold,and means for sending the CSI upon determining to send the CSI. Theapparatus may further include means for sending a request to a basestation for sending the CSI and receiving a response from the basestation based on the request. In an aspect, the CSI is sent to the basestation based on the received response. The apparatus may furtherinclude means for receiving an uplink grant from a base station, theuplink grant being received when CSI is not sent for a time periodgreater than a second threshold. In an aspect, the CSI is sent based onthe received uplink grant. The apparatus may further include means forestimating the CSI in each of a plurality of subframes, and means fordetermining the CSI based on a lowest CSI over the plurality ofsubframes or on an average of the estimated CSI over the plurality ofsubframes. The apparatus may further include means for receiving aconfiguration indicating how to determine the CSI, and means fordetermining the CSI based on the received configuration. The apparatusmay further include means for receiving information indicating MBSFNsubframes, and means for determining the CSI based on the receivedinformation.

The apparatus may further include means for selecting a RACH format fora RACH procedure based on the CSI. In an aspect, the CSI is sent throughthe RACH procedure and is indicated through the selected RACH format.The apparatus may further include means for receiving a periodicsupervision message from a base station, and means for sending aresponse to the base station based on the received periodic supervisionmessage. In an aspect, the CSI is sent with the response. The apparatusmay further include determining at least one of an RSRQ or an RSRP, andmeans for sending the at least one of the RSRP or the RSRQ to a basestation. In an aspect, the CSI is sent with the at least one of the RSRPor the RSRQ. The aforementioned means may be one or more of theaforementioned modules of the apparatus 1702 and/or the processingsystem 1814 of the apparatus 1702′ configured to perform the functionsrecited by the aforementioned means. As described supra, the processingsystem 1814 may include the TX Processor 668, the RX Processor 656, andthe controller/processor 659. As such, in one configuration, theaforementioned means may be the TX Processor 668, the RX Processor 656,and the controller/processor 659 configured to perform the functionsrecited by the aforementioned means.

It is understood that the specific order or hierarchy of steps in theprocesses disclosed is an illustration of exemplary approaches. Basedupon design preferences, it is understood that the specific order orhierarchy of steps in the processes may be rearranged. Further, somesteps may be combined or omitted. The accompanying method claims presentelements of the various steps in a sample order, and are not meant to belimited to the specific order or hierarchy presented.

The previous description is provided to enable any person skilled in theart to practice the various aspects described herein. Variousmodifications to these aspects will be readily apparent to those skilledin the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied toother aspects. Thus, the claims are not intended to be limited to theaspects shown herein, but is to be accorded the full scope consistentwith the language claims, wherein reference to an element in thesingular is not intended to mean “one and only one” unless specificallyso stated, but rather “one or more.” Unless specifically statedotherwise, the term “some” refers to one or more. All structural andfunctional equivalents to the elements of the various aspects describedthroughout this disclosure that are known or later come to be known tothose of ordinary skill in the art are expressly incorporated herein byreference and are intended to be encompassed by the claims. Moreover,nothing disclosed herein is intended to be dedicated to the publicregardless of whether such disclosure is explicitly recited in theclaims. No claim element is to be construed as a means plus functionunless the element is expressly recited using the phrase “means for.”

What is claimed is:
 1. A method of wireless communication of a userequipment (UE), comprising: receiving a transmission time interval (TTI)bundling transmission from a base station; decoding a subset of the TTIbundling transmission; and sending an acknowledgment to the base stationto terminate the TTI bundling transmission early upon decoding thesubset of the TTI bundling transmission, wherein channel stateinformation (CSI) is indicated to the base station based on a percentageof the TTI bundling transmission received by the UE, wherein a TTIbundling size is based on the percentage of the TTI bundlingtransmission received by the UE.
 2. The method of claim 1, furthercomprising receiving data modulated and coded with a modulation andcoding scheme (MCS) from the base station, wherein the MCS is based onthe percentage of the TTI bundling transmission received by the UE.
 3. Amethod of wireless communication of a user equipment (UE), comprising:sending an uplink transmission to a base station; and receiving a datatransmission from the base station, the data transmission having amodulation and coding scheme (MCS) determined based on the uplinktransmission and a transmission time interval (TTI) bundling size thatis also determined based on the uplink transmission; wherein the datatransmission includes a request for the UE to adjust a subsequent uplinktransmission if one or both of the determined MCS or the determined TTIbundling size differ from respective values that the UE expected.
 4. Amethod of wireless communication of a user equipment (UE), comprising:determining a first transmission time interval (TTI) bundling size basedon an estimated channel between a base station and the UE; receivingdata with a second TTI bundling size from the base station; determiningwhether the second TTI bundling size differs from the first TTI bundlingsize by more than a threshold; and sending channel state information(CSI) after determining that the second TTI bundling size differs fromthe first TTI bundling size by more than the threshold.
 5. The method ofclaim 4, wherein the threshold corresponds to a bundling sizedifference.
 6. The method of claim 4, wherein the CSI is sent when adifference between the first bundling size and the second bundling sizeis greater than the threshold.
 7. A method of wireless communication ofa base station, comprising: sending a first transmission time interval(TTI) bundling transmission to a user equipment (UE); receiving anacknowledgment from the UE indicating that reception of the TTI bundlingtransmission was terminated early by the UE resulting in a percentage ofthe first TTI bundling transmission being received by the UE;determining a modulation and coding scheme (MCS) based on the percentageof the first TTI bundling transmission received by the UE; and sending asecond TTI bundling transmission to the UE modulated and coded with theMCS; wherein a TTI bundling size of the second TTI bundling transmissionis based on the percentage of the first TTI bundling transmissionreceived by the UE.
 8. A method of wireless communication of a basestation, comprising: receiving an uplink transmission from a userequipment (UE); determining a modulation and coding scheme (MCS) basedon the received uplink transmission; determining a transmission timeinterval (TTI) bundling size based on the received uplink transmission;and sending a data transmission to the UE based on both the determinedMCS and the determined TTI bundling size, wherein the data transmissionincludes a request for the UE to adjust a subsequent uplink transmissionif one or both of the determined MCS or the determined TTI bundling sizediffer from respective values that the UE expected.
 9. An apparatus forwireless communication of a user equipment (UE), comprising: a memory;and at least one processor coupled to the memory and configured to:receive a transmission time interval (TTI) bundling transmission from abase station; decode a subset of the TTI bundling transmission; and sendan acknowledgment to the base station to terminate the TTI bundlingtransmission early upon decoding the subset of the TTI bundlingtransmission, wherein channel state information (CSI) is indicated tothe base station based on a percentage of the TTI bundling transmissionreceived by the UE, wherein a TTI bundling size is based on thepercentage of the TTI bundling transmission received by the UE.
 10. Theapparatus of claim 9, wherein the at least one processor is furtherconfigured to: receive data modulated and coded with a modulation andcoding scheme (MCS) from the base station, wherein the MCS is based onthe percentage of the TTI bundling transmission received by the UE. 11.An apparatus for wireless communication of a user equipment (UE),comprising: a memory; and at least one processor coupled to the memoryand configured to: send an uplink transmission to a base station; andreceive a data transmission from the base station, the data transmissionhaving a modulation and coding scheme (MCS) determined based on theuplink transmission and a transmission time interval (TTI) bundling sizethat is also determined based on the uplink transmission; wherein thedata transmission includes a request for the UE to adjust a subsequentuplink transmission if one or both of the determined MCS or thedetermined TTI bundling size differ from respective values that the UEexpected.
 12. An apparatus for wireless communication of a userequipment (UE), comprising: a memory; and at least one processor coupledto the memory and configured to: determine a first transmission timeinterval (TTI) bundling size based on an estimated channel between abase station and the UE; receive data with a second TTI bundling sizefrom the base station; determine whether the second TTI bundling sizediffers from the first TTI bundling size by more than a threshold; andsend channel state information (CSI) after determining that the secondTTI bundling size differs from the first TTI bundling size by more thanthe threshold.
 13. The apparatus of claim 12, wherein the thresholdcorresponds to a bundling size difference.
 14. The apparatus of claim12, wherein the CSI is sent when a difference between the first bundlingsize and the second bundling size is greater than the threshold.
 15. Anapparatus for wireless communication of a base station, comprising: amemory; and at least one processor coupled to the memory and configuredto: send a first transmission time interval (TTI) bundling transmissionto a user equipment (UE); receive an acknowledgment from the UEindicating that reception of the TTI bundling transmission wasterminated early by the UE resulting in a percentage of the first TTIbundling transmission being received by the UE; determine a modulationand coding scheme (MCS) based on the percentage of the first TTIbundling transmission received by the UE; and send a second TTI bundlingtransmission to the UE modulated and coded with the MCS; wherein a TTIbundling size of the second TTI bundling transmission is based on thepercentage of the first TTI bundling transmission received by the UE.16. An apparatus for wireless communication of a base station,comprising: a memory; and at least one processor coupled to the memoryand configured to: receive an uplink transmission from a user equipment(UE); determine a modulation and coding scheme (MCS) based on thereceived uplink transmission; determine a transmission time interval(TTI) bundling size based on the received uplink transmission; and senda data transmission to the UE based on both the determined MCS and thedetermined TTI bundling size, wherein the data transmission includes arequest for the UE to adjust a subsequent uplink transmission if one orboth of the determined MCS or the determined TTI bundling size differfrom respective values that the UE expected.
 17. A non-transitorycomputer-readable medium storing computer executable code for wirelesscommunication of a user equipment (UE), the code when executed by aprocessor causes the processor to: receive a transmission time interval(TTI) bundling transmission from a base station; decode a subset of theTTI bundling transmission; and send an acknowledgment to the basestation to terminate the TTI bundling transmission early upon decodingthe subset of the TTI bundling transmission, wherein channel stateinformation (CSI) is indicated to the base station based on a percentageof the TTI bundling transmission received by the UE, wherein a TTIbundling size is based on the percentage of the TTI bundlingtransmission received by the UE.
 18. A non-transitory computer-readablemedium storing computer executable code for wireless communication of auser equipment (UE), the code when executed by a processor causes theprocessor to: send an uplink transmission to a base station; and receivea data transmission from the base station, the data transmission havinga modulation and coding scheme (MCS) determined based on the uplinktransmission and a transmission time interval (TTI) bundling size thatis also determined based on the uplink transmission; wherein the datatransmission includes a request for the UE to adjust a subsequent uplinktransmission if one or both of the determined MCS or the determined TTIbundling size differ from respective values that the UE expected.
 19. Anon-transitory computer-readable medium storing computer executable codefor wireless communication of a user equipment (UE), the code whenexecuted by a processor causes the processor to: determine a firsttransmission time interval (TTI) bundling size based on an estimatedchannel between a base station and the UE; receive data with a secondTTI bundling size from the base station; determine whether the secondTTI bundling size differs from the first TTI bundling size by more thana threshold; and send channel state information (CSI) after determiningthat the second TTI bundling size differs from the first TTI bundlingsize by more than the threshold.
 20. A non-transitory computer-readablemedium storing computer executable code for wireless communication of abase station, the code when executed by a processor causes the processorto: send a first transmission time interval (TTI) bundling transmissionto a user equipment (UE); receive an acknowledgment from the UEindicating that reception of the TTI bundling transmission wasterminated early by the UE resulting in a percentage of the first TTIbundling transmission being received by the UE; determine a modulationand coding scheme (MCS) based on the percentage of the first TTIbundling transmission received by the UE; and send a second TTI bundlingtransmission to the UE modulated and coded with the MCS; wherein a TTIbundling size of the second TTI bundling transmission is based on thepercentage of the first TTI bundling transmission received by the UE.21. A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing computerexecutable code for wireless communication of a base station, the codewhen executed by a processor causes the processor to: receive an uplinktransmission from a user equipment (UE); determine a modulation andcoding scheme (MCS) based on the received uplink transmission; determinea transmission time interval (TTI) bundling size based on the receiveduplink transmission; and send a data transmission to the UE based onboth the determined MCS and the determined TTI bundling size, whereinthe data transmission includes a request for the UE to adjust asubsequent uplink transmission if one or both of the determined MCS orthe determined TTI bundling size differ from respective values that theUE expected.